Fig. 5.

Bar plot showing the effect of the most sensitive parameters to ${\mathcal{R}}_0$: (a) Rate of disease transmission directly from human to human; (b) Rate of disease transmission from the environment; (c) Shedding rate from the carriers class to the environment (ε); (d) Shedding rate from the infected class to the environment (ξ). The values of the parameter values used are given in Table 3.