Figure 1.

Initial study demonstrating growth-rescue of E. coli by PAL activity. (a.) Growth rescue relies on deamination of phenylalanine by PAL to form ammonium (NH₄⁺), a preferred nitrogen source for E. coli. (b.) E. coli cells expressing active AvPAL* (□) in MM^phe,init grow faster than wild-type cells (✕) or those expressing truncated inactive AvPAL* (◇). Cells grown in MM^full,init (○) and MM^N-,init (△) as controls.