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. 2020 Jun 5;11:2841. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-16639-1

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — In each experiment, the plasmid N31-EGFP gene was co-transfected with plasmid L1 and L2 into 293FT cells to be packed into possible particles. GFP was used to detect PsVs infectivity with fluorescence microscopy (FM). The particles were analyzed by negative-staining transmission electron microscopy (TEM). a HPV16L1-C175A or HPV52L1-C428A constructs lost the capacity for particle self-assembly and infectivity. b HPV16L1-C175A and HPV52L1-C428A can hybrid-assemble into good particles similar to that of wild-type HPV16L1 and HPV52L1. HPV16L1-C175A or HPV52L1-C428A alone can assemble into particles with the assistance of the corresponding L2; although, the particles did not appear to be well-formed in TEM view. These particles lost their ability to infect 239FT cells. c HPV16L1-C175A and HPV52L1-C428A hybrid-assemble into infective PsVs with involvement of HPV16 or HPV52 L2 or both. Scale bar in TEM view, 100 nm; Scale bar in FM view, 200 μm. One representative image from three biological repeats is shown for each group.