Figure 7.

Metformin Promoted HAPLN1 in the PKA-α1/RUNX1/RUNX2 Pathway

Relative HAPLN1 expression levels were measured after culturing RA-FLSs with normal saline or metformin for 36 h (n = 3). (A and B) HAPLN1 was increased significantly at both mRNA (A) and protein (B) levels, whereas RUNX1 and RUNX2 were not regulated upon AMPK activation. (C and D) Positive correlation between HAPLN1 and AMPK-α1 at both mRNA (C) and protein (D) levels. (E and F) Positive correlation of HAPLN1 with PKA-α1 (E) and RUNX1 (F) genes. A representative example from three independent experiments is shown. ∗p < 0.05.