Figure 1. Adjusted Odds Ratios for the Association of Vaping Uptake With Subsequent Smoking Behavior.

Adjusted odds ratios and 95% CIs are presented from sample-weighted logistic regressions using data from waves 1 to 3 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Vaping is defined as e-cigarette use in the past 30 days for youths and current established e-cigarette use for emerging and prime-age adults. Regressions controlled for fixed effects for male sex, race (black and other, with white as the reference group), Hispanic ethnicity, age group, household income categories (wave 2 parental reports for youths, wave 1 self-reports for adults), and (for initiation analyses only) an indicator for having ever tried conventional cigarettes at wave 1 as well as a missing-observation indicator for each of these variables. Additionally, youth regressions controlled for parental education at baseline (high school graduate or equivalent, some college, and ≥college graduate, with <high school graduate as the reference group), whereas adult regressions controlled for a binary indicator of completing any college to reflect adults’ own education at baseline. In youth and emerging adult initiation analyses, 19 and 4 respondents, respectively, with missing sex observations were omitted because the sex nonresponse indicator perfectly predicted initiation. Two respondents’ data were omitted from the prime-age and pooled adult cessation analyses for the same reason. The full regression output is available in eTable 1 and eTable 3 in the Supplement.