Table 4.

Cost comparison between paper and digital data collection across rounds of data collection in US dollars.

Cost description			Paper			Digital
			Units	Winter, US $	Summer, US $	Units	Winter, US $	Summer, US $
Fixed costs
	Hardware
		Computers for data entry, number	2	1195	N/Aa	N/A	N/A	N/A
		Tablets and accessories, number	N/A	N/A	N/A	4	1972	N/A
	Others
		Laboratory space for data entry and storage, total cost	1	299	299	N/A	N/A	N/A
		App development, labor hours	N/A	N/A	N/A	20	955	N/A
		Server and back up, annual total cost	N/A	N/A	N/A	1	1899	N/A
	Training
		Total training costs, days	2	299	299	2	299	299
Variable cost
	Data collection personnel
		Observation, labor hours	1260	5647	5647	1260	5647	5647
		Recording, labor hours	1260	5647	5647	1260	5647	5647
		Supervision, labor hours	360	2690	2690	180	1345	1345
	Data Management
		Data entry, labor hours	450	1008	1008	N/A	N/A	N/A
		Data cleaning and verification, labor hours	180	1076	1076	12	364	364
	Others
		Supplies (pens, paper, etc.), total cost	1	195	195	N/A	N/A	N/A
		Tablet data plans, days	N/A	N/A	N/A	360	239	239
		Transportation, trips	180	2017	2017	180	2017	2017

^aN/A: not applicable. This type of cost was not incurred.