Table 1. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics in 110 Patients.
| Characteristic | No. (%) |
|---|---|
| Age, median (range), y | 81.5 (46-101) |
| <65 | 9 (8.2) |
| 65-74 | 15 (13.6) |
| 75-84 | 46 (41.8) |
| 85-94 | 32 (29.0) |
| 95-104 | 8 (7.3) |
| Sex | |
| Female | 61 (55.4) |
| Male | 49 (44.5) |
| Ethnicity/race | |
| White | 13 (11.8) |
| African American | 25 (22.7) |
| Hispanic/Latino | 57 (51.8) |
| Asian | 2 (1.8) |
| Other | 1 (0.1) |
| Unknown or declined to answer | 12 (10.9) |
| SARS-CoV-2 PCR result | |
| Positive | 89 (79.1) |
| Negative, but high clinical suspicion for COVID-19 | 7 (6.4) |
| Unknown, not tested but presumed/suspected COVID-19 | 6 (5.5) |
| Negative, treated for a medical condition other than COVID-19 | 8 (7.3) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Hypertension | 84 (76.4) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 72 (65.5) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 56 (50.9) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 36 (32.7) |
| Documented history of dementia | 36 (32.7) |
| Obesity (BMI ≥30)a | 24 (21.8) |
| Chronic lung condition | 20 (18.2) |
| Neurologic disease and/or history of neurosurgery | 14 (12.7) |
| End-stage renal failure on hemodialysis | 8 (7.3) |
| Immunosuppression | 4 (3.6) |
| Active cancer | 3 (2.7) |
| Liver disease | 2 (1.8) |
| No. of comorbidities | |
| ≥2 | 106 (96.4) |
| <2 | 4 (3.6) |
| Living situation prior to admission | |
| Home | 73 (66.4) |
| Long-term care facility | 36 (32.7) |
| Hospice | 1 (0.9) |
| Review of advance directive or MOLST | |
| No documentation of AD or MOLST | 97 (88.2) |
| Full code on AD or MOLST | 7 (6.4) |
| DNR/DNI on AD or MOLST | 6 (5.5) |
| Decision making capacity on presentation to the ED | |
| With decision-making capacity | 15 (16.3) |
| Without decision-making capacity | 95 (83.6) |
| If no decision-making capacity, relationship of health care proxy/surrogate | |
| Total No. | 95 |
| Spouse/domestic partner | 13 (14.1) |
| Adult child ≥18 y | 59 (64.1) |
| Parent | 1 (1.0) |
| Adult sibling ≥18 y | 7 (7.6) |
| Extended relativeb | 10 (9.1) |
| Close friend | 1 (1.0) |
| Unknown/unavailable | 4 (3.6) |
Abbreviations: AD, advance directive; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; BMI, body mass index; DNR/DNI, Do-not-resuscitate/Do-not-intubate; ED, emergency department; MOLST, medical orders for life sustaining treatment; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
a
Body mass index calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.
b
Extended relative (grandchild, niece, nephew, cousin, uncle, aunt).