Table 2.

Role of international factors on AMR management in IRAN

Theme	Sub-themes	Codes
Enabling factors in the AMR containment	Facilitating policy making process	▪ International Advocacy for the AMR agenda setting ▪ Cooperation in the establishment of national AMR surveillance system ▪ WHO Support for AMR monitoring programs ▪ The role of the Codex Alimentarius Committee (CAC) in developing a platform for promoting cross-sectoral cooperation and improving national standards
	Knowledge transfer	▪ Holding workshops and meetings ▪ Easing students’ dispatch for continuing their education
Predisposing factors for AMR	Neighboring Countries related issues	▪ AMR transmission risk ▪ Medicines and livestock trafficking
	Sanctions and the supply of AMR medical products and technologies	▪ Inflation of medical supplies ▪ Difficulty of payments to the foreign sellers and inward shipping
	Sanctions and stewardship	▪ Corruption and lack of transparency ▪ Increased cost of food-producing animals and the effect on antimicrobials overuse Expediency; preference for the access over quality
	Sanctions and financing	▪ Budget reduction for AMR policies ▪ More attention to the curative medicine
	Sanctions and research and knowledge sharing	▪ Quantity and quality of research on AMR ▪ Researchers’ communication with global scientific community