Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of the sample
| Female (n = 957) | Male (n = 1127) | Total (n = 2084) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | MD | Mean | SD | P-value |
| Age (years) | 37.76 | 15.13 | 40.45 | 17.37 | −2.68 | 39.22 | 16.43 | 0.000 |
| Vitamin D level (ng/dL) | 30.85 | 19.17 | 37.20 | 19.01 | −6.35 | 34.28 | 19.34 | 0.000 |
| Frequency | Percent | Frequency | Percent | Frequency | Percent | |||
| Diabetes type 2 | 73 | 7.63 | 141 | 12.51 | 214 | 10.27 | 0.000 | |
| Hypertension | 91 | 9.51 | 140 | 12.42 | 231 | 11.08 | 0.035 | |
| Vitamin D deficiency | 301 | 31.45 | 154 | 13.66 | 455 | 21.83 | 0.000 | |
| BMI-based obesity | 378 | 39.5 | 356 | 31.59 | 734 | 35.22 | 0.000 | |
| Central obesity | 495 | 51.72 | 361 | 32.03 | 856 | 41.07 | 0.000 | |
| High income | 94 | 9.82 | 164 | 14.55 | 258 | 12.38 | 0.001 | |
| Ever smoker | 10 | 1.04 | 343 | 30.43 | 353 | 16.94 | 0.000 | |
| Milk consumption | 790 | 82.55 | 912 | 80.92 | 1702 | 81.67 | 0.339 | |
| Sun exposure for 25 mins | 90 | 9.4 | 331 | 29.37 | 421 | 20.20 | 0.000 | |
figures in bold are significant at p < 0.05