. 2020 Jun 5;6:9. doi: 10.1186/s40842-020-00097-1

Table 2.

Demographic- and serum-based biomarkers for fibrosis staging

Biomarker	Components	Cut-offs to rule out/in advanced fibrosis
FIB-4 index [58]	Age, AST, ALT, and platelets	< 1.3 > 2.67
NAFLD fibrosis score [58]	Age, BMI, IFG and diabetes, AST-to-ALT ratio, platelets, and albumin	< - 1.455 > 0.676
Enhanced liver fibrosis test [59]	Age, hyaluronic acid, aminoterminal propeptide of type III collagen, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1	≥9.8

Biomarker

Components

Cut-offs to rule out/in advanced fibrosis

FIB-4 index [58]

Age, AST, ALT, and platelets

< 1.3 > 2.67

NAFLD fibrosis score [58]

Age, BMI, IFG and diabetes, AST-to-ALT ratio, platelets, and albumin

< - 1.455

> 0.676

Enhanced liver fibrosis test [59]

Age, hyaluronic acid, aminoterminal propeptide of type III collagen, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1

≥9.8

Abbreviations: BMI Body mass index, IFG Impaired fasting glucose, AST Aspartate aminotransferase, ALT Alanine aminotransferase, FIB Fibrosis index

NFS is calculated using the formula: NFS = − 1.675 + 0.037 – age (years) + 0.094 – BMI (kg/m²) + 1.13 × IFG/diabetes (yes = 1, no = 0) + 0.99 × AST/ALT ratio – 0.013 × platelet count (× 10⁹/l) – 0.66 × albumin (g/dl). (https://nafldscore.com/)

FIB-4 is calculated using the formula: FIB-4 = Age (years) × AST (U/L)/[PLT(10⁹/L) × ALT^1/2 (U/L)] (https://www.hepatitisc.uw.edu/page/clinical-calculators/fib-4)