Fig. 1.

MultiMoVR arena. (A) The MultiMoVR arena is a 32-cm-wide, 60-cm-tall prism-shaped arena composed of three 165-Hz in-plane switching (IPS) monitors. The tethered insect is surrounded by capillaries that provide directional wind and odor. A photorealistic scene based on real-world scenery is wrapped around the three monitors. (B) Closed-loop wind and odor delivery system design with a revolver controlling the direction of wind and odor controlled by a 3/2 valve. (C) Error is defined as the difference between external impose and response by the insect (here R. pomonella). Stability is defined as the mean of the error, and maneuverability is defined as the SD of the error; 95% CI is indicated as shaded regions around the lines.