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. 2019 Jun 14;22(3):236–245. doi: 10.4103/aja.aja_53_19

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Copyright: ©The Author(s)(2019)

This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

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Two microtubular-based bi-directional delivery platforms in sperm. The IMT and IFT. The manchette is a transient skirt-like structure surrounding the elongating spermatid head and is only present during spermatid elongation. The IFT process is shown at the left. The IFT-B subcomplex comprises of IFT-B (16 IFT subunits), dynein-2, BBSome and cargos mediating anterograde trafficking from the flagellar base to the tip, while the IFT-A subcomplex assembles with IFT-A (6 IFT subunits plus TULP3), kinesin-2, BBSome and cargos mediating retrograde trafficking. CFAP69 may participate in flagellar assembly through the transport mechanism and its possible involvement in the IFT is depicted in the right box. IMT: intra-manchette transport; IFT: intra-flagellar transport.