Table 4.

Patient characteristics and outcomes in iGAS patients without or with emm1/T1. Values are median (Q1–Q3) or number (%)

	iGAS without emm1/T1, n = 25	iGAS with emm1/T1, n = 25	p valuea
Origin of infection
Soft tissue	11 (44)	18 (72)	0.08
Necrotizing fasciitis	7 (28)	12 (48)	0.24
Pneumonia	3 (12)	3 (12)	1.00
Puerperal	2 (8.0)	0	0.49
Arthritis	4 (16)	0	0.11
Pharyngeal/parapharyngeal	1 (4.0)	2 (8.0)	1.00
Mastoiditis	1 (4.0)	0	1.00
Meningitis	0	1 (4.0)	1.00
Unknown focus	3 (12)	1 (4.0)	0.61
Septic shock (Sepsis 3)b	11 (44)	10 (40)	1.00
IVIGc	7 (28)	13 (52)	0.15
DAFd vasopressor	26 (25–28)	25 (23–26)	0.036*
DAFd ventilation	26 (20–28)	24 (20–26)	0.23
CRRTe	4 (16)	8 (32)	0.32
AKIN-creaf	0 (0–3)	3 (0–3)	0.007*
SOFA maxg	9 (6–13)	12 (7–14)	0.11
Length of stay, survivors	2.7 (1.2–4.7)	5.1 (2.3–7.5)	0.08
SAPS 3h	65 (54–70)	61 (58–78)	0.27
EMRi	28 (11–39)	21 (15–54)	0.27
ICUj mortality	2 (8.0)	1 (4.0)	1.00
28-day mortality	5 (20)	1 (4.0)	0.19
90-day mortality	6 (24)	2 (8.0)	0.25
180-day mortality	8 (32)	3 (12)	0.17

^aFisher’s exact test or Mann-Whitney, *p ≤ 0.05

^bAll patients included in the study were diagnosed with severe sepsis or septic shock according to Sepsis 2 definition. Patients in the iGAS group were also described as having septic shock (Sepsis 3) or not

^cIntravenous immunoglobulin

^dDays alive and free

^eContinuous renal replacement therapy

^fMaximum Acute Kidney Injury Network classification score the first 10 days after admission

^gMaximum Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score during ICU admission

^hSimplified Acute Physiology Score 3

ⁱEstimated mortality rate

^jIntensive care unit