Table 1.
Weighted prevalence of IFN-γ TB antigen levels among US adults classified as QFT positive (n=513), NHANES 2011–2012
| Categories of IFN-γ TB Antigen Response (IU/mL) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.35–1.00 % (95%CI) | 1.01–9.9 % (95%CI) | ≥10 % (95%CI) | p-value * | Prevalence difference of ≥10 IU/mL % (95% CI) | |
| Diabetes status | |||||
| Diabetes | 37.4 (28.0, 46.7) | 41.0 (31.3, 50.7) | 21.7 (12.5, 30.9) | 0.30 | 9.1 (−2.0, 20.2) |
| Pre-diabetes | 35.6 (20.7, 50.6) | 43.6 (31.0, 56.1) | 20.8 (11.2, 30.4) | 8.2 (−2.1, 18.4) | |
| Euglycemic | 36.5 (26.6, 46.5) | 50.9 (41.8, 60.0) | 12.6 (7.6, 17.6) | REF | |
| Diabetes Status | |||||
| Poor control | 31.5 (18.5, 44.5) | 37.2 (20.8, 53.6) | 31.3 (15.2, 47.5) | 0.13 | 18.7 (0.0, 37.5) |
| Good control | 41.8 (28.0, 55.6) | 43.8 (32.7, 55.0) | 14.4 (5.9, 22.8) | 1.8 (−7.4, 11.0) | |
| Pre-diabetes | 35.6 (20.7, 50.6) | 43.6 (31.0, 56.1) | 20.8 (11.2, 30.4) | 8.2 (−2.1, 18.4) | |
| Euglycemic | 36.5 (26.6, 46.5) | 50.9 (41.8, 60.0) | 12.6 (7.6, 17.6) | REF | |
| Diabetes Status | |||||
| New diagnosis | 22.0 (7.1, 36.8) | 57.9 (38.5, 77.3) | 20.2 (6.2, 34.1) | 0.15 | 7.6 (−7.9, 23.0) |
| Known diabetes | 42.3 (31.0, 53.7) | 35.5 (23.9, 47.2) | 22.1 (12.8, 31.5) | 9.6 (−1.6, 20.7) | |
| Pre-diabetes | 35.6 (20.7, 50.6) | 43.6 (31.0, 56.1) | 20.8 (11.2, 30.4) | 8.2 (−2.1, 18.4) | |
| Euglycemic | 36.5 (26.6, 46.5) | 50.9 (41.8, 60.0) | 12.6 (7.6, 17.6) | REF | |
| Age (years) | |||||
| 20–34 | 29.3 (18.1, 40.5) | 50.7 (35.9, 65.5) | 20.0 (4.9, 35.2) | 0.68 | REF |
| 35–64 | 39.4 (28.8, 50.1) | 45.1 (35.7, 54.5) | 15.5 (11.7, 19.3) | −4.5 (−18.8, 9.7) | |
| ≥65 | 34.1 (23.1, 45.0) | 48.3 (37.5, 59.1) | 17.6 (12.0, 23.3) | −2.4 (−18.6, 13.8) | |
| Sex | |||||
| Female | 38.1 (25.6, 50.6) | 48.0 (38.2, 57.9) | 13.9 (9.6, 18.2) | 0.49 | REF |
| Male | 35.2 (26.6, 43.9) | 45.8 (35.9, 55.7) | 19.0 (14.4, 23.6) | 5.1 (0.3, 9.9) | |
| BMI | |||||
| <18.5 | 53.7 (18.8, 88.6) | 39.2 (9.5, 68.9) | 7.1 (0.0, 21.4) | 0.02 | −5.2 (−17.6, 7.1) |
| 18.5–24.9 | 42.2 (29.2, 55.2) | 45.5 (35.8, 55.2) | 12.3 (7.2, 17.4) | REF | |
| 25.0–29.9 | 27.3 (16.1, 38.6) | 56.8 (45.6, 67.9) | 15.9 (10.6, 21.2) | 3.6 (−5.1, 12.2) | |
| ≥30.0 | 39.3 (28.9, 49.7) | 38.8 (29.4, 48.1) | 21.9 (13.9, 30.0) | 9.6 (0.9, 18.3) | |
| TST† | |||||
| Positive | 18.7 (13.3, 24.2) | 47.0 (39.7, 54.4) | 34.2 (28.0, 40.4) | <0.01 | 27.2 (21.1, 33.2) |
| Negative | 50.1 (39.8, 60.4) | 42.9 (33.9, 51.9) | 7.0 (3.2, 10.9) | REF | |
| Missing | 30.9 (11.7, 50.2) | 56.2 (38.2, 74.3) | 12.8 (6.1, 19.5) | - | |
| Education | |||||
| <9tn grade | 24.9 (17.1, 32.7) | 53.3 (43.1, 63.6) | 21.8 (12.7, 30.8) | 0.04 | 12.7 (2.4, 23.0) |
| 9tn–12tn grade | 29.1 (19.4, 38.8) | 46.4 (34.1, 58.8) | 24.4 (16.0, 32.9) | 15.4 (4.4, 26.4) | |
| HS grad/GED | 38.3 (26.1, 50.5) | 47.4 (35.0, 59.8) | 14.3 (8.4, 20.2) | 5.3 (−0.6, 11.1) | |
| Some college | 44.5 (24.9, 64.0) | 35.2 (21.4, 48.9) | 20.4 (10.0, 30.8) | 11.3 (−0.1, 22.7) | |
| ≥College grad | 40.5 (24.9, 56.2) | 50.4 (35.2, 65.6) | 9.1 (4.0, 14.1) | REF | |
| Race/ethnicity | |||||
| Hispanic | 22.9 (18.1, 27.6) | 51.1 (43.3, 59.0) | 26.0 (20.8, 31.2) | <0.01 | 20.3 (12.9, 27.6) |
| NH White | 54.9 (36.7, 73.1) | 39.4 (22.1, 56.6) | 5.7 (0.7, 10.8) | REF | |
| NH Black | 32.0 (24.8, 39.2) | 38.1 (30.5, 45.6) | 29.9 (20.2, 39.7) | 24.2 (14.4, 34.0) | |
| NH Asian | 27.5 (20.0, 35.0) | 60.4 (51.6, 69.1) | 12.1 (8.5, 15.8) | 6.4 (−0.3, 13.1) | |
| Other‡ | 31.6 (2.7, 60.4) | 61.8 (29.0, 94.6) | 6.6 (0.0, 22.6) | 0.9 (−5.3, 7.0) | |
| Smoking Status | |||||
| Current | 37.5 (24.6, 50.5) | 46.4 (35.6, 57.3) | 16.0 (7.6, 24.5) | 0.35 | −0.9 (−10.5, 8.8) |
| Former | 42.9 (30.8, 55.0) | 40.2 (27.9, 52.4) | 16.9 (10.1, 23.8) | 0.1 (−7.2, 7.1) | |
| Never | 32.2 (23.9, 40.6) | 50.9 (42.4, 59.3) | 16.9 (13.3, 20.5) | REF | |
| Vitamin D (nmol/L) | |||||
| Insufficient (<40) | 33.5 (20.0, 47.0) | 39.0 (26.9, 51.2) | 27.5 (19.2, 35.8) | 0.01 | 12.7 (4.0, 21.5) |
| Sufficient (≥40) | 35.9 (28.1, 43.8) | 49.3 (41.8, 56.8) | 14.8 (10.7, 18.8) | REF | |
| Missing | 80.6 (49.5, 100.0) | 15.4 (0.0, 42.6) | 4.0 (0.0, 13.1) | - | |
| Previous active TB§ | |||||
| Yes | 14.0 (0.0, 30.3) | 62.9 (34.7, 91.1) | 23.1 (0.0, 48.4) | 0.15 | 6.6 (−19.4, 32.6) |
| No | 37.1 (29.8, 44.5) | 46.3 (40.0, 52.6) | 16.5 (12.5, 20.6) | REF | |
| Foreign born∥ | |||||
| No | 48.3 (35.5, 61.1) | 41.6 (29.9, 53.2) | 10.2 (6.0, 14.3) | <0.01 | REF |
| Yes | 25.4 (21.0, 29.8) | 51.7 (45.3, 58.1) | 22.9 (18.5, 27.3) | 12.7 (6.7, 18.7) | |
| Time in US among foreign born | |||||
| <5 years | 37.8 (7.9, 67.8) | 44.0 (29.3, 58.8) | 18.1 (0.0, 37.7) | 0.44 | REF |
| ≥5 years | 23.7 (18.7, 28.8) | 53.1 (46.4, 59.7) | 23.2 (18.2, 28.2) | 5.1 (−16.4, 26.5) | |
| Missing | 32.4 (2.3, 62.6) | 41.4 (19.5, 63.4) | 26.1 (13.1, 39.1) | - | |
| HIV antibody test¶ | |||||
| Positive | 55.0 (0.0, 100.0) | 45.0 (0.0, 100.0) | - | N/A | N/A |
| Negative | 30.6 (23.1, 38.0) | 51.4 (43.0, 59.9) | 18.0 (12.6, 23.4) | - | |
| Missing | 44.6 (34.2, 55.0) | 40.4 (31.9, 48.9) | 15.0 (10.5, 19.5) | - | |
| Anti-HCV test | |||||
| Positive | 15.5 (0.0, 42.0) | 41.4 (0.1, 82.8) | 43.1 (14.5, 71.7) | 0.08 | 26.5 (−2.0, 55.0) |
| Negative | 35.8 (28.3, 43.3) | 47.5 (40.5, 54.5) | 16.6 (12.9, 20.4) | REF | |
| Missing | 77.0 (42.7, 100.0) | 19.2 (0.0, 50.0) | 3.8 (0.0, 12.4) | - | |
*
All p-values obtained using Rao-Scott chi-square test. Missing values excluded from Rao-Scott chi- square test.
†
Positive TST classified as an induration ≥10 mm.
‡
Includes multi-racial.
§
Classified based on participant’s response to “Were you ever told that you had active tuberculosis or TB?”.
∥
Foreign born individuals include participants who reported being born in one of the five United States territories.
¶
N=2 participants were HIV positive therefore p-value and prevalence difference estimates were unavailable.
Bold indicates 95% confidence interval estimate did not include null value