Table 1.
Baseline characteristics [Mean (Standard Deviation), unless indicated] according to Multi-morbidity Pattern (Latent Class) and Multi-morbidity Score, 425 older adults, Boston RISE, 2009-2012.
| Characteristic | Multi-morbidity Latent Class | Multi-morbidity Score | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low burden | Musculoskeletal | High burden | 0-2 | 3-5 | >=6 | |
| n=162 | n=149 | n=114 | n=85 | n=221 | n=119 | |
| Age | 76.7 (7.3) | 76.3 (6.7) | 76.6 (7.0) | 77.5 (7.4) | 75.9 (6.7) | 76.9 (7.2) |
| Women* | 98 (60.5) | 112 (75.2) | 77 (67.5) | 53 (62.4) | 150 (67.9) | 84 (70.6) |
| Non-white* | 30 (18.5) | 21 (14.1) | 23 (20.2) | 69 (18.8) | 38 (17.2) | 20 (16.8) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.6 (7.0) | 27.8 (4.9) | 30.4 (6.1) | 29.1 (5.8) | 29.7 (6.4) | 29.7 (6.1) |
| PASE Score | 177.5 (66.9) | 177.5 (71.0) | 169.0 (70.6) | 182.6 (67.0) | 175.5 (69.4) | 169.5 (70.7) |
| Pain Score | 2.1 (1.7) | 2.7 (2.1) | 3.0 (1.8) | 1.7 (1.5) | 2.6 (1.9) | 3.0 (2.0) |
| MMSE score | 27.1 (2.5) | 27.6 (2.2) | 27.6 (2.2) | 27.2 (2.4) | 27.4 (2.4) | 27.6 (2.3) |
| Co-morbidity score | 3.2 (1.3) | 4.0 (1.6) | 6.6 (1.4) | 1.7 (0.5) | 4.1 (0.8) | 6.9 (1.1) |
| Leg Strength (N/kg) | 9.7 (2.6) | 9.5 (2.7) | 9.0 (2.2) | 10.3 (2.6) | 9.4 (2.7) | 9.0 (2.1) |
| Leg Velocity (m/s) | 1.0 (0.3) | 1.0 (0.2) | 1.0 (0.3) | 1.0 (0.3) | 1.0 (0.3) | 1.0 (0.3) |
| Leg Power (Nm/s) | 366.8 (168.4) | 325.1 (159.8) | 331.3 (162.4) | 390.0 (188.2) | 335.8 (155.3) | 318.4 (155.4) |
| Trunk Ext. endurance (s) | 100.6 (58.4) | 94.4 (59.0) | 89.3 (57.8) | 105.5 (56.0) | 97.5 (59.1) | 84.1 (57.9) |
| Ankle ROM impairment, N (%) | 86 (20.2) | 58 (13.7) | 61 (14.4) | 43 (50.6) | 101 (45.7) | 61 (51.3) |
| Foot sensory loss, N (%) | 51 (32.3) | 36 (24.7) | 34 (30.1) | 26 (30.6) | 61 (28.4) | 34 (29.1) |
| 400 m walk time (min) | 6.1 (2.1) | 6.1 (2.0) | 6.3 (2.0) | 5.9 (1.6) | 6.1 (2.1) | 6.4 (2.0) |
| SPPB score | 8.6 (2.3) | 9.1 (2.3) | 8.4 (2.1) | 9.3 (2.2) | 8.7 (2.2) | 8.3 (2.2) |
| Gait Speed (m/s) | 0.9 (0.2) | 0.9 (0.2) | 0.9 (0.2) | 1.0 (0.2) | 0.9 (0.2) | 0.9 (0.2) |
| LLFDI - BLF | 67.8 (11.3) | 66.2 (13.1) | 63.5 (11.5) | 70.2 (12.9) | 66.5 (11.5) | 62.4 (11.7) |
| LLFDI - ALF | 42.8 (12.3) | 43.6 (14.8) | 38.6 (14.5) | 47.5 (13.5) | 41.9 (14.1) | 38.1 (15.3) |
| LLFDI - PL | 71.6 (12.8) | 68.2 (11.6) | 66.2 (9.7) | 73.8 (14.1) | 68.7 (11.0) | 66.1 (10.5) |
| LLFDI - PF | 52.4 (5.8) | 52.9 (5.7) | 51.6 (5.1) | 54.1 (6.0) | 52.2 (5.7) | 51.4 (4.9) |
Abbreviations: SD –Standard Deviation, N- number, BMI-Body Mass Index, PASE-Physical Activity Score of Elderly, MMSE- Mini Mental Status Examination, Ext. - extensor, ROM-Range of Movement, SPPB – Short Physical Performance Battery, LLFDI-Late Life Function and Disability Instrument, BLF – Basic Leg Function, ALF – Advanced Leg Function, PL- Participation Limitation, PF -Participation frequency