Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2020 Jun 6;17:176. doi: 10.1186/s12974-020-01844-y

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 2 — Activation of KP and divergence towards neurotoxicity in EAE (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis) mice disease progression. a Schematic illustration of kynurenine pathway (KP). b and c The bar diagrams depict kynurenine (KYN) and tryptophan (TRP) ratio (KYN/TRP) (mean ± SD) measured in the plasma (b), brain (white), and spinal cord (gray) (c) in healthy (n = 8) and EAE cohorts (n = 6 per cohort; EAE score of cohort I, 0.5–1; II, 1.5–2; III, 3–4). d The histogram depicts IDO-1 gene expression in the brain and spinal cord of healthy (clear) and EAE-induced (filled) mice. (E) The representative lumbar spinal cord of cohort III EAE mice (n = 2) section stained with IDO-1 protein (white arrow-brown DAB staining). Scale, × 100 and × 20 (inset). f and g The graphs represent relationship of KYN/TRP between plasma and CNS tissues (brain (f) and spinal cord (g)). h and i The bar diagrams depict kynurenic acid (KYNA) and quinolinic acid (QUIN) ratio (KYNA/QUIN) (mean ± SD) measured in the plasma (h), brain (white), and spinal cord (gray) (i) in healthy (n = 8) and EAE cohorts (n = 6 per cohort; EAE score of cohort I, 0.5–1; II, 1.5–2; III, 3–4). j The bar diagrams depict relative KAT1 (white), KAT2 (pattern), and KMO (black) gene expressions in the brain and spinal cord of EAE-induced mice relative to healthy control. k The representative lumbar spinal cord of cohort III EAE mice (n = 2) section stained with KMO protein (white arrow-brown DAB staining). Scale × 100 and × 20 (inset). l and m The graphs represent relationship of KYN/TRP between plasma and CNS tissues (brain (l) and spinal cord (m)). ***p ≤ 0.001; **p ≤ 0.01; *p ≤ 0.05. IDO-1, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; KAT, kynurenine amino transferase; KMO, kynurenine monooxygenase; KYNU, kynureninase; 3HAO, 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase; ACMSD, 2-amino-3-carboxymuconatesemialdehyde decarboxylase; QPRT, quinolinate phosphoribosyl transferase