Table 4.

Relative Expression of PHLDA3 in HNSCC Tissues and Adjacent Tissues Based on Clinicopathological Features

Characteristics	Mean Difference	95.00% CI of Difference	Adjusted P-values	Significance
Gender
Normal (n=45) vs Male (n=33)	−2.485	−4.261 to −0.708	0.003	**
Normal (n=45) vs Female (n=12)	−2.854	−5.372 to −0.336	0.022	*
Male (n=33) vs Female (n=12)	−0.369	−2.981 to 2.243	0.939	ns
Age
Normal (n=45) vs >60 years (n=30)	−2.936	−4.753 to −1.120	0.000	***
Normal (n=45) vs <60 years (n=15)	−1.878	−4.175 to 0.420	0.131	ns
>60 years (n=30) vs <60 years (n=15)	1.059	−1.379 to 3.496	0.556	ns
Smoking history
Normal (n=45) vs Yes (n=30)	−2.494	−4.321 to −0.666	0.004	**
Normal (n=45) vs No (n=15)	−2.762	−5.073 to −0.451	0.014	*
Yes (n=30) vs No (n=15)	−0.268	−2.720 to 2.183	0.963	ns
Histologic grade
Normal (n=45) vs Grade 1 (n=9)	3.482	0.496 to 6.468	0.015	*
Normal (n=45) vs Grade 2 (n=15)	1.683	−0.755 to 4.121	0.276	ns
Normal (n=45) vs Grade 3 (n=21)	1.751	−0.410 to 3.912	0.154	ns
Grade 1 (n=9) vs Grade 2 (n=15)	−1.800	−5.247 to 1.648	0.523	ns
Grade 1 (n=9) vs Grade 3 (n=21)	−1.731	−4.989 to 1.527	0.507	ns
Grade 2 (n=15) vs Grade 3 (n=21)	0.068	−2.696 to 2.833	>0.999	ns
Pathologic stage
Normal (n=45) vs Stage 2 (n=18)	−2.272	−4.432 to −0.113	0.0368	*
Normal (n=45) vs Stage 3 (n=27)	−2.791	−4.675 to −0.905	0.001	**
Stage 2 (n=18) vs Stage 3 (n=27)	−0.518	−2.874 to 1.838	0.859	ns

Notes: *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001.

Abbreviation: ns, non-significant.