. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Sep 1.

Published in final edited form as: Nutrition. 2019 Mar 9;65:158–166. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.02.002

Table 1.

Sociodemographic and maternal characteristics

Characteristic	Inadequate RGWG N=196 (29.70%)	Adequate RGWG N=194 (29.39%)	Excessive RGWG N=270 (40.91%)	P value
Maternal age, years (±SD)	25.72(±5.89)	24.83(±5.76)	24.89(±5.76)	0.203
Pre-pregnancy BMI, Kg/m² (±SD)^b	25.59(±6.10)	24.17(±4.56)	26.91 (±5.23)	<0.001^b
Pre-pregnancy BMI categories (kg/m²), n(%)^b
<18.5	17 (8.67)	8 (4.12)	4 (1.48)	<0.001^b
>=18.5 <25	98 (50.00)	124 (63.92)	79 (29.26)	<0.001^b
>=25 <30	48 (24.49)	41 (21.13)	126 (46.67)	<0.001^b
>=30	33 (16.84)	21 (10.82)	61 (22.59)	0.120
Term of gestation, n(%)
Preterm	20(10.58)	18(9.52)	27(10.07)	0.949
Term	169 (89.42)	171 (90.48)	241 (89.93)	0.948
Parity, n(%)^c
Nulliparous	73 (37.24)	90 (46.88)	154 (56.30)	<0.001^b
1–2	64 (32.65)	58 (30.21)	65 (24.44)	0.078
>=3	57 (29.58)	44 (22.92)	53 (19.26)	0.013^b
Marital status^d
Single or divorced	48 (24.49)	41 (21.13)	81 (30.00)	0.163
Married/partnered	148 (75.51)	151 (77.84)	189 (70.00)	0.164
Education level, n(%)
<=9 years	117(59.69)	109(56.19)	144(53.33)	0.199
>9 years	79(40.31)	85(43.81)	126(46.67)	0.195
Baby sex, n(%)				0.499
Female	90 (45.91)	80 (41.23)	121 (44.81)	0.725
Male	90 (45.91)	104 (53.60)	131 (48.51)	0.725

Values are n (%) or means ± SDs.

Significantly different (P value <0.05) between categories of rate of gestational weight gain rate (RGWG; Kg/week) during second and third trimesters defined according to Institute of Medicine(IOM) recommendations[30]. P-value refers Fisher’s exact test and analysis of variance for proportions and continuous variables, respectively.

One missing value in Inadequate RGWG category.

Two missing values in Adequate RGWG category..

16, 10 and 18 missing values in Inadequate, Adequate and Excessive RGWG categories respectively.