Fig. 1.

Hydroxychloroquine pharmacokinetics over a period of ten days in fourteen ICU patients. Red line represents one patient with veno-venous extracorporeal life support (ECLS), green lines depict patients with normal renal function and blue dash curves show patients with acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy. Therapeutic zone is the gray area between 1 mg/L and 2 mg/L. Overall, 212 HCQ levels were analyzed over the study period. All patients but one (93%) achieved minimum therapeutic level. After 124 h, patients are more at risk of having residual and peak levels in the toxic zone, i.e., 2 mg/L. The patient with veno-venous ECLS remains under the lower therapeutic level of 1 mg/L