Table 2.

Barriers to effective utilization of the health care system for deaf patients with cancer

Poor health literacy among deaf patients	Baseline health literacy and cancer-specific knowledge for deaf youth or adults was lower than average expected levels for hearing peers
Availability of tailored health care resources for cancer-specific information	Lack of educational resources, programs, and initiatives that are linguistically and culturally accessible
Poor linguistic and cultural competency among physicians	Limited training, experience, and bias prevents physicians from providing effective communication and practicing in a culturally sensitive manner