Fig. 1.
(a) Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree of the 1857 Karonga strains used in this study, showing lineages clustering into monophyletic groups. Lineage 1 is shown in blue, lineage 2 in red, lineage 3 in green and lineage 4 in orange. (b) The total number of sequenced cases and the proportion of strains collected, by lineage, over the study period 1995–2014 in 4-year categories.