Table 1.
Characteristics of the participants in the study (n = 306). The data are presented as means (±SD).
| Variables | Male (n = 184) | Female (n = 122) | Total (n = 306) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | 20.8 (1.3) | 20.7 (1.6) | 20.7 (1.4) |
| Sex (%) | 60 | 40 | - |
| Professional status, n (%) | |||
| Work full/part time | 112 (62) | 68 (38) | 180 (59) |
| Unemployed | 72 (57) | 54 (43) | 126 (41) |
| Smartphone use | |||
| Weekday use (min/day) | 266 (94) | 238 (105) | 254 (99) |
| Weekend use (min/day) | 259 (111) | 220 (104) | 243 (110) |
| Subjectively measured physical activity | |||
| Walking time (min/week) | 264 (171) | 240 (165) | 253 (168) |
| Moderate PA (min/week) | 192 (153) | 114 (136) | 157 (151) |
| Vigorous PA (min/week) | 240 (149) | 127 (143) | 190 (156) |
| Objectively measured physical activity | |||
| Weekday steps (steps/day) | 8117 (3439) | 7046 (3724) | 7623 (3606) |
| Weekend steps (steps/day) | 7848 (3583) | 7047 (3938) | 7486 (3761) |
| Sedentary behavior | |||
| Sitting time (hours/day) | 4.6 (2.4) | 5.5 (2.7) | 5.1 (2.6) |
| Meeting WHO PA guidelines, yes (%) c | 66.8 | 33.2 | 71.3 |
| POMS Global Score a | 22.2 (22.4) | 21.0 (22.4) | 21.8 (22.4) |
| Vigor, mean (SD) | 16.0 (5.0) | 16.3 (4.6) | 16.1 (4.8) |
| Fatigue, mean (SD) | 8.6 (6.5) | 7.5 (5.7) | 8.2 (6.3) |
| Tension, mean (SD) | 9.27 (5.8) | 9.6 (5.2) | 9.4 (5.6) |
| Depression, mean (SD) | 3.54 (4.9) | 3.8 (4.9) | 3.7 (4.9) |
| Anger, mean (SD) | 10.6 (6.9) | 10.1 (6.6) | 10.4 (6.7) |
| Confusion, mean (SD) | 5.92 (4.1) | 6.3 (3.9) | 6.1 (4.0) |
| PSQI Global Score (0–21) b | 3.5 (2.9) | 3.9 (3.0) | 3.7 (3.0) |
| Impaired sleep (PSQI score >5) % | 51 | 49 | 30.3 |
PA, Physical activity. a POMS, Profile of Mood States. Component scores range from 0 to 3. A higher score indicates greater mood disturbance. b PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Higher scores reflect greater sleep disturbance. c Meeting World Health Organization physical activity (WHO PA) guidelines: accumulating 150 min/week of moderate physical activity, 75 min/week of vigorous physical activity, or equivalent combination of moderate and vigorous physical activity.