Table 3.
Galectin-3 on immune cells in the tumor microenvironment.
| Organ/Tumor | Role | Benefit | Prognostic Marker | References | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breast cancer | BCa | Inhibition of cytotoxic T cell function by IFN-γ sequestration; Gal-3 binds to platelet glycoprotein VI | [80,87] | ||
| Colon cancer | Tolerogenic macrophages: M1/M2 differentiation; Gal-3 binds to platelet glycoprotein VI | [80,88] | |||
| Head and neck squamous cervical cancer | HNSCC | Increases tumor invasiveness | Decreased OS | Poor prognostic | [68,89] |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | HCC | Inhibition of T cell function | [73] | ||
| Leukemia (basophilic) | Gal-3 binds to IgE | [55] | |||
| Lung carcinoma | Tolerogenic M2 macrophage differentiation and increase of TIL infiltration | Anti-Gal-3 enhances anti-PD-L1 response | [90] | ||
| Melanoma | Induces apoptosis of TIL; inhibition of cytotoxic T cell function by IFN-γ sequestration; increase of metastasis | Decreased OS | Yes | [62,63,87] |