| ACVR2 | Activin receptor type 2 |
| ACVR2B | Activin receptor type 2B |
| ALK4 or 5 | Activin receptor-like kinase 4 or 5 |
| BCA | Bicinchoninic Acid |
| C26-CM | Colon 26 carcinoma cell conditioned medium |
| C/EBPβ | CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein β |
| DM | Differentiation medium |
| DMEM | Dulbecco´s modified Eagle´s medium |
| ERK1/2 | Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 |
| FBS | Fetal bovine serum |
| GDF | Growth differentiation factor |
| GM | Growth medium |
| HS | Horse serum |
| IL-6 | Interleukin-6 |
| MAPK(s) | Mitogen-activated protein kinase(s) |
| MCP-1 | Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 or CCL2 |
| PBS | Phosphate buffered saline |
| P/S | Penicillin-streptomycin |
| RANTES | Regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted or CCL5 |
| SAPK/JNK1/2 | Stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2 |
| STAT3 | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 |
| Smad3 | Small mothers against decapentaplegic 3 |
| TGF-β | Transforming growth factor-β |