Table 7.

Results of primary models testing Hypothesis Set 4 predicting Times 2 and 3 ill-being from covariates, preference and external motivations for solitude and preference × external motivation. All results for specific predictors are taken from the final step of the analysis, including all predictors (control and independent variables).

	Time 2 ill-being						Time 3 ill-being
		95% CI		partial				95% CI		partial
	β	lower	upper	r2	t	p	β	lower	upper	r2	t	p
controls
1. Gendera	0.02	−0.02	0.07	0.00	1.21	0.228	0.02	−0.02	0.06	0.00	1.04	0.299
2. Agea	−0.02	−0.06	0.03	0.00	−0.71	0.480	−0.01	−0.05	0.03	0.00	−0.45	0.656
3. Ill-beinga	0.61	0.57	0.66	0.46	24.91	0.000	0.59	0.55	0.64	0.44	24.16	0.000
4. Subjective healtha	0.04	−0.01	0.08	0.00	1.58	0.115	0.03	−0.01	0.08	0.00	1.40	0.163
5. In-person interactionsb	−0.03	−0.07	0.01	0.00	−1.47	0.142	−0.03	−0.07	0.01	0.00	−1.30	0.193
6. Virtual interactionsb	0.01	−0.03	0.05	0.00	0.44	0.660	−0.03	−0.07	0.02	0.00	−1.17	0.240
7. Stressor checklistb	0.08	0.03	0.12	0.02	3.59	0.000	0.08	0.04	0.13	0.02	3.96	0.000
8. Health anxietyb	0.33	0.29	0.38	0.22	14.46	0.000	0.35	0.30	0.39	0.23	14.57	0.000
9. COVID-19 diagnosisb	0.00	−0.05	0.04	0.00	−0.21	0.831	0.03	−0.02	0.07	0.00	1.22	0.224
main effects
10. Preference for solitudea	−0.03	−0.08	0.01	0.00	−1.63	0.103	−0.06	−0.10	−0.02	0.01	−2.78	0.006
11. External motivationa	0.05	0.01	0.09	0.01	2.42	0.016	0.04	0.00	0.08	0.00	1.74	0.082
interaction
12. Preference × externala	−0.02	−0.06	0.02	0.00	−0.83	0.409	−0.01	−0.05	0.04	0.00	−0.29	0.769
variance explained at each step
Step 1 (#1–9 added)	R2 = 0.70						R2 = 0.69
Step 2 (#10, 11 added)	ΔR2 = 0.01						ΔR2 = 0.01
Step 3 (#12 added)	ΔR2 = 0.00						ΔR2 = 0.00

^aMeasured at Time 1.

^bMeasured at Times 2 and 3, according to the measurement of the outcome variable.