Table 1.

Coronavirus-based diseases in animals and humans.

Virus	Disease	Effect	Ref.
TGEV	Gastroenteritis in pigs	High morbidity, mortality	[3]
PEDV	Gastroenteritis in pigs	High morbidity, mortality	[4]
PHEV	Enteric infection	Diarrhea, encephalitis	[5]
BCoV	Respiratory tract infection	Significant loss in cattle industry	[6,7]
RCoV	Respiratory tract infection	Model system	[8]
IBV	Respiratory infections, renal disease	Significant losses in the chicken industry	[7,9]
FCoV	Respiratory tract infection	Mild or asymptomatic	[10]
FIPV	Infectious peritonitis	Lethal FIP	[11]
SW1	Respiratory, acute liver	SW1 found in deceased whale	[13]
Bat CoV	Respiratory tract infection	Potential threat of epidemics	[14]
SHC014-CoV	Risk of epidemic	Chimeric CoV presents risk	[15]
MHV	Respiratory, enteric, neurological infections	Mouse model for human disease	[16]
A59, JHMV	Chronic demyelination	Mouse model for MS	[17]
α HCoV-229E	Respiratory infection	15%–30% of annual common cold	[18]
α HCoV-NL63	Respiratory infection	Also associated with croup	[18,19]
β HcoV-OC43	Respiratory infection	15%–30% of annual common cold	[20]
β HcoV-HKU1	Respiratory infection	15%–30% of annual common cold	[20]
SARS-CoV	SARS	Epidemic with 774 deaths	[21,22]
MERS-CoV	MERS	Epidemic with 333 deaths	[23]

α, α-coronavirus; A59, type of MHV; β, β-coronavirus; BCoV, bovine CoV; CoV, coronavirus; FCoV, Feline coronavirus; FIP, feline infectious peritonitis; FIPV, feline infectious peritonitis virus; IBV, infectious bronchitis virus; JHMV, type of MHV; MERS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus; MHV, mouse hepatitis virus; MS, multiple sclerosis; PEDV, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus; PHEV, porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus; RCoV, rat CoV; SARS-CoV, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus; TGEV, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV); SW1, whale coronavirus.