Table 2.
Effect of the intervention on the psychological constructs, perception of pain, and quality of life.
| Physical Exercise Group | Control Group | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-Treatment | Post-Treatment | Effect Size (d) | Pre-Treatment | Post-Treatment | Effect Size (d) | |
| Pain catastrophizing | 27.31 (11.55) | 20.00 (10.86) * | 0.65 | 28.25 (13.32) | 27.06 (10.91) | - |
| Anxiety | 11.81 (3.54) | 9.94 (3.57) * | 0.53 | 12.19 (4.07) | 11.19 (3.69) | - |
| Depression | 31.13 (9.06) | 23.81 (7.93) * | 0.86 | 29.31 (11.55) | 27.94 (11.14) | - |
| Stress | 25.31 (7.18) | 22.88 (7.51) * | 0.33 | 24.50(6.34) | 24.75 (7.22) | - |
| Pain acceptance | 38.00 (14.33) | 42.94 (7.96) * | 0.43 | 39.38 (14.67) | 40.81 (13.54) | - |
| Pressure pain threshold (kg/cm2) | 1.75 (0.98) | 2.07 (1.03) * | 0.32 | 1.76 (0.42) | 1.50 (0.59) * | 0.51 |
| Quality of life | 71.47 (14.21) | 61.49 (17.65) * | 0.62 | 62.44 (17.33) | 67.07 (15.87) | - |
Data are expressed as mean (SD), d: Cohen’s d effect size reported only when the differences between times were significant, *: p < 0.05.