Table III.
Metabolic parameters of adolescents with obesity and VitD insufficiency/deficiency (n = 15) at baseline and 3 months after VitD supplementation (2000 IU/day) and dietary intervention
| Variable | Baseline | 3 Months | P-value vs. baseline | Change, % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (males/females) | 15 (10/5) | |||
| Age [years] | 15.4 ±1.8 | |||
| Smoking (yes/no) | 5/10 | 5/10 | ||
| Weight [kg] | 97.6 ±16.9 | 96.4 ±19.5 | 0.140 | –1.3 |
| BMI [kg/m2] | 35.0 ±7.9 | 34.1 ±8.4 | 0.130 | –2.6 |
| WC [cm] | 115.6 ±1.2 | 114.6 ±1.5 | 0.123 | –0.8 |
| SBP [mm Hg] | 134 ±11 | 129 ±17 | 0.043 | –3.9 |
| DBP [mm Hg] | 75 ±8 | 73 ±10 | 0.158 | –3.0 |
| TCHOL [mg/dl] | 154.8 ±10.9 | 163.4 ±15.5 | 0.190 | +5.5 |
| HDL-C [mg/dl] | 40.0 ±4.7 | 40.8 ±5.0 | 0.874 | +2.0 |
| LDL-C [mg/dl] | 85.4 ±9.5 | 92.1 ±15.8 | 0.022* | +7.8 |
| TGs [mg/dl] | 83.0 (65.0–208.0) | 76.0 (56.0–188.0) | 0.570 | –8.4 |
| Fasting glucose [mg/dl] | 88.6 ±8.9 | 89.6 ±7.7 | 0.475 | +1.1 |
| Fasting insulin [µU/ml] | 15.4 (7.1–18.7) | 13.9 (7.9–20.0) | 0.979 | –9.7 |
| HOMA index | 3.7 (1.3–4.4) | 2.9 (1.8–4.9) | 0.745 | –21.6 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.8 ±0.2 | 5.5 ±0.1 | 0.03* | –5.2 |
| Leptin [ng/ml] | 19.7 (7.8–45.5) | 15.1 (4.3–37.3) | 0.03* | –23.3 |
| 25(OH)VitD [ng/ml] | 17.3 (12.5–27.8) | 32.6 (14.3–68.0) | 0.005* | +88.4 |
| iPTH [pg/ml] | 32.0 ±16.6 | 37.5 ±13.3 | 0.732 | +17.2 |
| Ox-LDL [U/l] | 56.5 ±12.4 | 57.3 ±14.6 | 0.215 | +1.4 |
| Paraoxonase [U/l] | 59.8 (47.6–151.4) | 61.5 (51.5–161.3) | 0.670 | +2.8 |
| Arylesterase [U/ml] | 70.5 ±11.6 | 66.0 ±9.5 | 0.120 | –6.4 |
| Urine 8-epi PGF2α [ng/mmol creatinine] | 41.5 (23.6–117.4) | 30.0 (22.0–41.5) | 0.063 | –27.7 |
BMI – body mass index, WC – waist circumference, SBP – systolic blood pressure, DBP – diastolic blood pressure, TCHOL – total cholesterol, HDL-C – high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C – low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TGs – triglycerides, HOMA homeostasis model assessment, HbA1c – glycated haemoglobin, 25(OH)Vit D – 25-hydroxy vitamin D, iPTH – intact parathyroid hormone, ox-LDL – oxidized LDL, Urine 8-epi PGF2α – urine 8-isoprostane, NS – nonsignificant. To convert values to mmol/l for triglycerides multiply by 0.01129, for cholesterol by 0.02586, for glucose by 0.05551, and for 25(OH)Vit D by 2.5. *P significant at ≤ 0.03.