Table 4.
Prevalence of cognitive impairment and univariate analysis.
| Variables | Male (n = 550) | Female (n = 700) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence (95%CI) |
OR (95%CI) | Prevalence (95%CI) |
OR (95%CI) | ||
| Total | 40.0 (35.9–44.1) | - | 45.1 (41.4–48.8) | - | |
| Age (years) | 65~ (ref.) | 35.5 (28.8–42.3) | 29.7 (23.8–35.5) | ||
| 70~ | 34.9 (27.7–42.0) | 0.971 (0.634–1.487) | 38.5 (32.0–45.0) | 1.487 (1.006–2.197) | |
| 75~ | 45.4 (35.8–54.9) | 1.507 (0.934–2.431) | 62.7 (55.0–70.5) | 3.994 (2.597–6.144) | |
| 80~ | 57.1 (45.3–60.0) | 2.419 (1.387–4.218) | 71.0 (61.6–80.4) | 5.797 (3.420–9.826) | |
| Marital status | Married (ref.) | 38.5 (34.0–43.1) | 38.4 (33.7–43.1) | ||
| Divorced/Widowed | 46.2 (36.6–55.9) | 1.372 (0.895–2.103) | 55.1 (49.3–61.0) | 1.973 (1.452–2.680) | |
| Education | Illiteracy (ref.) | 48.1 (28.0–68.3) | 74.1 (65.7–82.5) | ||
| Primary school | 29.7 (23.7–35.8) | 0.456 (0.203–1.022) | 35.5 (30.7–40.2) | 0.192 (0.119–0.310) | |
| ≥ Secondary school | 46.8 (41.2–52.5) | 0.949 (0.432–2.087) | 48.5 (41.5–55.5) | 0.330 (0.198–0.550) | |
| Income | Subsidies§(ref.) | 45.7 (39.0–52.3) | 50.7 (45.9–55.6) | ||
| Poverty | 33.9 (25.1–42.7) | 0.611 (0.382–0.976) | 35.2 (27.3–43.0) | 0.527 (0.356–0.780) | |
| Non-poverty | 37.5 (31.0–44.0) | 0.714 (0.487–1.047) | 39.2 (31.1–47.3) | 0.625 (0.424–0.921) | |
| Regular house/farm work | No (ref.) | 48.0 (41.5–54.6) | 63.5 (55.3–71.7) | ||
| Yes | 34.4 (29.2–39.6) | 0.567 (0.401–0.802) | 40.7 (36.6–44.7) | 0.394 (0.268–0.580) | |
| Smoking | Never (ref.) | 42.8 (37.0–48.5) | 45.0 (41.3–48.7) | ||
| Ex-smoker | 42.4 (24.6–60.2) | 0.986 (0.476–2.044) | 66.7 (12.5–120.9) | 2.442 (0.444–13.422) | |
| Smoker | 36.1 (29.8–42.4) | 0.757 (0.530–1.082) | 0.0 | 0.000 | |
| Alcohol consumption | Never (ref.) | 42.8 (38.2–47.4) | 45.2 (41.5–48.9) | ||
| Sometimes | 27.8 (17.7–38.0) | 0.517 (0.305–0.874) | 0.0 | 0.000 | |
| Often | 27.3 (7.1–47.5) | 0.502 (0.193–1.307) | - | - | |
| Tea consumption | No (ref.) | 43.3 (38.3–48.2) | 45.4 (41.6–49.2) | ||
| Yes | 32.3 (25.1–39.6) | 0.626 (0.426–0.919) | 41.5 (25.7–57.2) | 0.853 (0.450–1.617) | |
| Sleep quality | Good (ref.) | 39.6 (34.8–44.5) | 42.3 (37.4–47.1) | ||
| Moderate | 41.7 (32.1–51.4) | 1.091 (0.702–1.696) | 50.7 (43.8–57.7) | 1.408 (1.003–1.976) | |
| Poor | 39.3 (26.1–52.5) | 0.985 (0.555–1.748) | 45.4 (35.3–55.4) | 1.135 (0.726–1.773) | |
| Memory complaint | No (ref.) | 35.8 (27.1–44.5) | 29.2 (19.9–38.4) | ||
| Yes | 41.2 (36.5–45.8) | 1.253 (0.823–1.906) | 47.7 (43.7–51.7) | 2.213 (1.386–3.535) | |
| Living situation | Alone (ref.) | 41.3 (26.5–56.1) | 54.8 (44.5–65.1) | ||
| With spouse | 37.9 (31.7–44.0) | 0.866 (0.456–1.645) | 38.2 (31.6–44.8) | 0.509 (0.311–0.834) | |
| 2 generations | 24.2 (8.8–39.7) | 0.455 (0.169–1.223) | 44.3 (31.4–57.1) | 0.654 (0.342–1.252) | |
| ≥3 generations | 44.3 (37.8–50.8) | 1.130 (0.594–2.149) | 47.0 (41.6–52.4) | 0.730 (0.460–1.159) | |
| Social interactions in neighborhood | Good (ref.) | 40.1 (32.7–47.5) | 43.9 (37.6–50.3) | ||
| Satisfactory | 38.2 (33.2–43.3) | 0.924 (0.637–1.339) | 45.6 (40.9–50.3) | 1.070 (0.779–1.468) | |
| Poor | 76.5 (54.0–99.0) | 4.851 (1.519–15.497) | 50.0 (24.4–75.6) | 1.276 (0.489–3.328) | |
| Coping | Negative (ref.) | 48.0 (33.7–62.3) | 58.7 (47.3–70.1) | ||
| Positive | 39.2 (34.9–43.5) | 0.698 (0.390–1.251) | 43.5 (39.6–47.4) | 0.543 (0.334–0.883) | |
Notes: §basic living allowance provided by the government for rural elderly, RMB 80 Yuan/month (around 11.5 US dollars).