Table 2.

Key Late-Phase Clinical Trials for Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma

Trial Designation	Author	Year	Phase	n	Age	Study Design	Median OS	Median PFS
N/A	Walker[116]	1978	III	222	NR	HGG patients BCNU/RT+ BCNU vs BCNU vs RT vs Supportive care	34.5 wks vs 18.5 wks vs 35 wks vs 14 wks	NR
N/A	Westphal[117]	2003	III	240	18–65 y	HGG patients BCNU-wafers + RT vs Placebo-wafers + RT	13.9 mo vs 11.6 mo in HGG patients 13.5 mo vs 11.4 mo in GBM subgroup	5.9 mo vs 5.9 mo in HGG patients
EORTC 26981/22981; NCIC CE3	Stupp[63–64]	2005	III	573	18–71 y	RT/TMZ + TMZ vs RT	14.6 mo vs 12.1 mo	6.9 mo vs 5.1 mo
N/A	Keime-Guibert[61]	2007	N/A	85	≥ 70y	RT/supportive care vs Supportive care	29.1 wks vs 16.9 wks	14.9 wks vs 5.4 wks
RTOG 0525	Gilbert[72]	2013	III	833	≥ 18 y	RT/TMZ + TMZ [150–200 mg/m2/d for 5/28 d) vs RT/TMZ + TMZ (75 mg/m2/d for 21/28 d]	16.6 mo vs 14.9 mo	5.5 mo vs 6.7 mo
RTOG 0825	Gilbert[73]	2014	III	637	≥ 18 y	RT/TMZ/bev + TMZ/bev vs RT/TMZ + TMZ	15.7 mo vs 16.1 mo	10.7 mo vs 7.3 mo
AVAglio	Chinot[74]	2014	III	921	≥ 18 y	RT/TMZ/bev + TMZ/bev vs RT/TMZ + TMZ	16.8 mo vs 16.7 mo	10.6 mo vs 6.2 mo
CENTRIC EORTC 26071–22072	Stupp[118]	2014	III	545	≥ 18 y	MGMT methylated RT/TMZ/cilengitide + TMZ/cilengitide vs RT/TMZ + TMZ	26.3 mo vs 26.3 mo	10.6 mo vs 7.9 mo
GLARIUS	Herrlinger[107]	2016	II	182	NR	RT/bev + bev/CPT11 vs RT/TMZ + TMZ	16.6 mo vs 17.5 mo	9.7 mo vs 5.99 mo
ACT IV	Weller[110]	2017	III	745	≥ 18 y	Enrolled after completion of RT/TMZ
						TMZ/rindopepimut vs TMZ	21.1 mo vs 20.0 mo	8.0 mo vs 7.4 mo
EF-14	Stupp[87,88,93]	2017	III	695	≥ 18 y	Enrolled after completion of RT/TMZ
						TMZ/TTFields vs TMZ	20.9 mo vs 16.0 mo	6.7 mo vs 4.0 mo
CCTG CE.6, EORTC 26062–22061, TROG 08.02	Perry[82]	2017	III	562	≥ 65 y	Short-course RT/TMZ + TMZ vs Short-course RT	9.3 mo vs 7.6 mo	5.3 mo vs 3.9 mo
CeTeG/NOA-09	Herrlinger[119]	2019	III	141	18–70 y	MGMT methylated
						RT/TMZ + TMZ vs RT/CCNU/TMZ + CCNU/TMZ	31.4 mo vs 48.1 mo	16.7 mo vs 16.7 mo

bev = bevacizumab; BCNU-wafers = carmustine wafers; CCNU = lomustine; CCTG = Canadian Cancer Trials Group; CPT11 = irinotecan; EORTC = European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer; GBM = glioblastoma; HGG = high-grade glioma, including glioblastoma; N/A = not available; NCIC = National Cancer Information Center; NR = not reported; OS = overall survival; PFS = progression-free survival; RT = radiotherapy; RTOG = Radiation Therapy Oncology Group; TMZ = temozolomide; TROG = Trans Tasman Radiation Oncology Group; TTFields = tumor-treating fields.