Figure 3.

Cytokine and mediator secretion in IEC/PBMC co-culture. IEC were basolaterally exposed to αCD3/CD28-activated PBMC and apically to 0.25–1% NDO (2′-FL or GF) in combination with CpG (Figure 1A). After 24 h incubation, IFNγ (A), IL-13 (B), IL-10 (C) and galectin-9 (D) concentrations were measured in the basolateral supernatant. Data are represented as mean ± SEM of 7–8 independent PBMC donors (# p < 0.1, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001).