Table 4.
Baseline Differences in Patients Receiving Medication-Assisted Treatment (N = 100) Who Were Retained or Discontinued Treatment at 6 Months.
| Retained (n = 69), n (%) | Discontinued (n = 31), n (%) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mental health | |||
| Depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), mean ± SD | 8.3 ± 6.2 | 8.1 ± 5.9 | .86a |
| Anxious symptoms (GAD-7), mean ± SD | 9.3 ± 6.5 | 8.4 ± 6.0 | .54a |
| Trauma symptoms (PCL-5; n = 81), mean ± SD | 2.8 ± 2.0 | 3.9 ± 1.9 | .73a |
| Substance use | |||
| Opioid type (n = 93) | .57 | ||
| Heroin | 26 (41) | 14 (48) | |
| Prescription opioids | 20 (31) | 6 (21) | |
| Both | 18 (28) | 9 (31) | |
| Route of opioid administration | |||
| Oral | 32 (51) | 13 (42) | .42 |
| Intravenous | 24 (38) | 22 (71) | .003 |
| Intranasal | 23 (37) | 7 (23) | .17 |
| Smoke | 8 (13) | 4 (13) | .25b |
| Comorbid substance use | |||
| Benzodiazepines | 6 (9) | 2 (6) | .30b |
| Cannabis | 26 (38) | 17 (55) | .11 |
| Cocaine or crack | 18 (26) | 13 (42) | .11 |
| Hallucinogens | 7 (10) | 3 (10) | .28b |
| Methamphetamine | 26 (38) | 17 (55) | .11 |
| MDMA | 6 (9) | 2 (6) | .30b |
| Psychosocial needs | |||
| Unemployed | 33 (48) | 21 (68) | .06 |
| Has own reliable transportation | 26 (38) | 10 (33) | .60 |
| Food insecure | 36 (52) | 15 (48) | .73 |
Abbreviations: PHQ-9, 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire; GAD-7, 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder questionnaire; PC-PTSD-5, Primary Care PTSD Screen for DSM-5. MDMA, 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine.
a
Differences between patients who were retained versus discontinued were compared using an independent-samples t test.
b
Differences between patients who were retained versus discontinued were compared using a Fisher’s exact test. All other comparisons were made using χ2 tests of independence.