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. 2020 Apr 29;10(5):772. doi: 10.3390/ani10050772

Table 1.

Group differences according to experience with dogs.

Ownership First Previous Current Chi-Square Test/Analysis of Variance
n n = 30 n = 73 n = 80 F or Pearson X2 df p-value difference
% female 90% 85% 89% X2 = 0.72 2183 0.697
% high education 77% 53% 58% X2 = 4.88 2183 0.087
% puppy 77% 72% 79% X2 = 0.80 2183 0.670
age (years) 36.8 (10.5) 46.7 (13.5) 42.2 (11.8) F = 7.15 1182 0.001 first-timers, younger

First: first time dog owner (n = 30); previous: owned a dog before T0 (n = 73); current: owner of a dog at T0 (n = 80).