Table 6.
Effect of metabolites of foliage of tropical trees on the rumen microbial population and CH4 reduction.
| Species | Method | Treatments | Protozoa | Bacteria | Metanogens | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CFU/mL | ||||||
| Basal diet | Sheep fed with concentrate | 00:03 | 138 | 2930 | 452 | [74] |
| B. brizantha: Cratylia argente | 01:02 | 207 | 2530 | 484 | ||
| 02:01 | 154 | 2510 | 517 | |||
| Basal diet | Sheep fed with concentrate plus S. saponaria (7.71 g crude saponins/lamb/day) in each proportion | 00:03 | 50 | 3530 | 493 | |
| Cratylia argentea: B. brizantha | 01:02 | 71 | 4010 | 697 | ||
| 02:01 | 91 | 4180 | 703 | |||
| Control | RUSITEC | 0 | 6.3 | 3500 | 220 | [49] |
| Sapindus saponaria (100 mg fruits/g diet) | 120 mg saponins/g fruit | 12 | 2.9 | 3300 | 210 | |
| Enterolobium cyclocarpum (200 mg fruits/g diet) | 19 mg saponins/g fruit | 3.8 | 9.7 | 3300 | 210 | |
| Pithecellobium saman (200 mg fruit/g diet) | 17 mg saponins/g fruit | 3.4 | 9.7 | 3400 | 230 | |
RUSITEC: Ruminal simulation technique system; CFU: colony forming units. Protozoa numbers × 103; Bacteria and metanogen numbers × 106; Diet: grass hay (620, 555, 498, 494), Arachis pintoi (248, 222, 194, 195), barley straw (120, 112, 100, 100), and urea (12, 11, 8, 11). Control diet (first value) and (second, third, and fourth value) represents inclusion levels g/kg DM diet ingredients in each tropical fruit tree.