Table 3.

Summary of the effects of formic acid and its salts on pig growth performance at different phase.

Acidifier	Quantity %	Phase	ADG	F:G	G:F	Reference
Formic acid	0.5	weaning	=	=		[93]
	0.2	weaning	=	=		[19]
	0.6	weaning	↑ 1	↓		[8]
	0.14	weaning	↑ 1	↓		[8]
	0.8	grower		↑		[94]
	0.8	finisher		=		[94]
	1	grower-finisher	↑			[16]
	1.8	grower-finisher	↑		↑	[17]
	1	grower	=	↑		[82]
	0.8	grower-finisher	↑	↑		[95]
	1	grower	↑	↑		[14]
	1	finisher	=	↑		[14]
Formic acid + ammonium formate	0.4	weaning	=	↓		[34]
	1.2	grower-finisher	↑	↑		[95]
	1	grower	↑		↑	[15]
K-diformate	1.8	weaning	↑	↑		[96]
	-	weaning	↑	↑		[97]
	1.8	weaning	=	=		[69]
	1.2	weaning	↑	↑		[11]
	1	weaning	↑	↑		[12]
	0.8	grower	↑		↑	[16]
K-formate	1.56	weaning	↑	↑		[11]
Ca-formate	1.2	weaning			↑	[13]
Ca/Na- formate	0.85	grower-finisher	↑			[16]
Blend_1	0.4	weaning	↑	=		[34]
Blend_2	0.4	weaning	↑	↓		[34]
Blend_3	0.3	grower-finisher	=			[98]

¹ Results related to the first three weeks of administration; There were no significant differences after six weeks. Blend_1: 77.5% formic acid and ammonium formate, 20% propionic acid, and 2.5% potassium sorbate; Blend_2: 87.5% formic acid and ammonium formate, 20% propionic acid 10% propionic acid, and 2.5% sodium benzoate; Blend_3: 1% formic acid, 0.85% benzonic acid, 0.85% sorbic acid. ADG: average daily gain; F:G: feed to gain ratio; G:F: gain to feed ratio.