Table 3.
Clinical features of SE treated with valproate (VPA) and levetiracetam (LEV)
| VPA (n = 139) | LEV (n = 125) | P | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | |||
| Gender | ||||||
| Female | 89 | 64% | 77 | 62% | .68 | χ2 |
| Age | ||||||
| Range (years) | 16‐94 | 14‐93 | ||||
| Mean (years) | 72 | 71.5 | .76 | U | ||
| Onset in hospital | 48 | 35% | 45 | 36% | .80 | χ2 |
| Previous history of epilepsy | 37 | 27% | 41 | 33% | .27 | χ2 |
| AED used | ||||||
| As first line | 28 | 21% | 27 | 21% | .66 | χ2 |
| As second line | 77 | 55% | 78 | 62% | .20 | χ2 |
| As third or more | 34 | 24% | 20 | 16% | .08 | χ2 |
| Causes | ||||||
| Cerebrovascular | 43 | 31% | 35 | 28% | .88 | χ2 |
| Brain tumors | 12 | 9% | 18 | 14% | .14 | χ2 |
| Meningoencephalitis | 4 | 3% | 7 | 6% | .37 | f |
| Sepsis | 11 | 8% | 7 | 6% | .48 | f |
| Metabolic dysregulation | 14 | 10% | 7 | 6% | .25 | f |
| Inducing factors in epilepsy | 17 | 12% | 19 | 15% | .38 | χ2 |
| Toxic | 5 | 4% | 3 | 2% | .73 | f |
| Multifactorial | 17 | 12% | 15 | 12% | .82 | χ2 |
| Brain inflammation | 4 | 3% | 4 | 3% | 1 | F |
| Trauma | 2 | 1% | 5 | 4% | .26 | f |
| Epileptic encephalopathy | 1 | 1% | 1 | 1% | 1 | f |
| Unknown | 6 | 4% | 3 | 2% | .51 | f |
| Others | 3 | 2% | 1 | 1% | .62 | f |
| Etiology | ||||||
| Acute symptomatic | 73 | 53% | 66 | 53% | .96 | χ2 |
| Remote symptomatic | 28 | 20% | 21 | 17% | .49 | χ2 |
| Progressive symptomatic | 15 | 11% | 23 | 18% | .79 | χ2 |
| Multifactorial | 16 | 12% | 10 | 8% | .34 | χ2 |
| Unknown | 6 | 4% | 4 | 3% | .75 | f |
| Idiopathic | 1 | 1% | 1 | 1% | 1 | f |
| Semeiology | ||||||
| Prominent motor – CSE | 60 | 43% | 69 | 55% | .06 | χ2 |
| GCSE | 9 | 7% | 9 | 7% | 1 | f |
| GCSE‐>NCSE | 14 | 10% | 15 | 12% | .62 | χ2 |
| FMSE | 17 | 12% | 23 | 18% | .16 | χ2 |
| FMSE‐>NCSE | 17 | 12% | 22 | 18% | .22 | χ2 |
| MSE | 3 | 2% | 0 | 0% | .24 | f |
| NCSE | 79 | 57% | 56 | 45% | .06 | χ2 |
| Outcomes (30 d) | ||||||
| Return to baseline conditions | 53 | 39% | 60 | 50% | .08 | χ2 |
| Mortality | 32 | 23% | 22 | 18% | .31 | χ2 |
Abbreviations: CSE, Convulsive status epilepticus; FMSE, focal motor status; GCSE, generalized convulsive status; MSE, myoclonic status epilepticus; NCSE, nonconvulsive status epilepticus.