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. 2020 May 16;9(5):433. doi: 10.3390/antiox9050433

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The influence of V. opulus extracts on insulin secretion by MIN6 cells (A), GLP-1 secretion in GLUTag cells (B) in low (open bars) or high (closed bars) glucose conditions. Control cells were not exposed to any compound but the vehicle; values are means ± standard deviations from at least three independent experiments, n ≥ 9; statistical significance was calculated versus control cells treated with low glucose *** p ≤ 0.001 or high glucose ^### p ≤ 0.001. Percentage DPP4 enzyme inhibition by FJ and PRF (C); values are means ± SD, n ≥ 4; statistical significance ** p ≤ 0.01, *** p ≤ 0.001.