Table 1.
Taurisolo reprograms the metabolism of HuH7 cells.
| Metabolite | Taurisolo 400 mg/L | Taurisolo 800 mg/L | Metabolite | Taurisolo 400 mg/L | Taurisolo 800 mg/L |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TMAO | 0.52 ± 0.03 *** | 0.43 ± 0.04 *** | Cholesterol | 0.92 ± 0.03 n.s. | 0.78 ± 0.01 *** |
| Glucose | 1.18 ± 0.03 * | 1.50 ± 0.04 *** | Myristate | 1.03 ± 0.02 n.s. | 1.06 ± 0.02 n.s. |
| Glucose 6-P | 1.01 ± 0.03 n.s. | 1.23 ± 0.05 * | Oleate | 1.25 ± 0.04 ** | 1.39 ± 0.06 *** |
| Fructose-1,6-PP | 0.94 ± 0.03 n.s. | 0.91 ± 0.03 n.s. | Palmitate | 1.07 ± 0.03 n.s. | 1.21 ± 0.05 ** |
| Glyceraldehyde 3P | 0.97 ± 0.03 n.s. | 0.88 ± 0.05 n.s. | Palmitoleate | 1.04 ± 0.03 n.s. | 1.37 ± 0.04 ** |
| 6-P-Gluconate | 1.19 ± 0.07 n.s. | 1.31 ± 0.04 ** | Phosphoryl-choline | 1.26 ± 0.05 ** | 2.02 ± 0.07 *** |
| Ribulose-1,5-PP | 0.89 ± 0.08 n.s. | 0.79 ± 0.04 *** | Leucin | 1.29 ± 0.01 ** | 1.69 ± 0.01 *** |
| Ribose-5-P | 0.87 ± 0.03 * | 0.65 ± 0.04 *** | Tryptophan | 0.62 ± 0.02 *** | 0.81 ± 0.02 *** |
| Sedoheptulose | 1.47 ± 0.03 ** | 2.21 ± 0.07 *** | Phenylalanine | 0.86 ± 0.03 n.s. | 0.92 ± 0.06 n.s. |
| Sedoheptulose-1,7-PP | 1.30 ± 0.04 ** | 1.81 ± 0.09 *** | Tyrosine | 0.81 ± 0.01 *** | 0.82 ± 0.02 *** |
| Sedoheptulose-7-P | 1.40 ± 0.03 ** | 2.18 ± 0.08 *** | Threonine | 0.83 ± 0.03 *** | 0.67 ± 0.03 *** |
| UDP-Glucose | 1.67 ± 0.06 ** | 1.48 ± 0.07 ** | Aspartate | 0.84 ± 0.02 *** | 0.75 ± 0.02 *** |
| Maltose | 1.20 ± 0.07 * | 1.76 ± 0.14 ** | Glutamate | 0.82 ± 0.02 *** | 0.68 ± 0.02 *** |
| Malate | 0.98 ± 0.03 n.s. | 1.87 ± 0.01 *** | Histidine | 0.67 ± 0.05 *** | 0.69 ± 0.07 *** |
| Citrate | 1.29 ± 0.03 * | 2.46 ± 0.14 *** | Arginine | 0.45 ± 0.03 *** | 0.73 ± 0.03 *** |
| ATP | 1.01 ± 0.04 n.s. | 1.63 ± 0.06 *** | Ornithine | 1.31 ± 0.06 *** | 1.33 ± 0.04 *** |
| ADP | 1.02 ± 0.02 n.s. | 1.26 ± 0.05 ** | Asparagine | 1.36 ± 0.06 *** | 1.23 ± 0.04 ** |
| AMP | 0.96 ± 0.04 n.s. | 1.21 ± 0.05 ** | Citrulline | 0.94 ± 0.02 n.s. | 0.95 ± 0.02 n.s. |
| Creatine-P | 0.67 ± 0.03 *** | 0.38 ± 0.02 *** | Taurine | 1.19 ± 0.04 * | 1.59 ± 0.05 *** |
| Glycerol 1-palmitate | 1.00 ± 0.05 n.s. | 1.82 ± 0.04 ** | GSH | 1.19 ± 0.03 * | 1.24 ± 0.05 ** |
Fold change (over vehicle) measured for the indicated metabolites in cells treated with 400 mg/L or 800 mg/L of Taurisolo for 72 h. Metabolites were extracted from HuH7 and analyzed by Mass Spectrometry as described in the methods section. (n = 3. Shown is mean ± s.e.m.) *** = p < 0.001; ** = p < 0.01; * = p < 0.05; n.s. non-statistically different from vehicle.