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. 2020 May 8;9(5):398. doi: 10.3390/antiox9050398

Table 3.

Levels (mg/kg) of 92 polyphenols (excluding stilbenes) identified in grapevine leaves.

Id Compound Name 1 Minimum Value 2,3 Maximum Value Mean Value 4 Standard Deviation N 5 References
63 Quercetin-3-O-glucuronide 868.63 46,528.55 10,305.10 13,363.51 10 [1,2,4,5,19,59,60,66,75,79,81,82,84,85,86]
58 Quercetin-3-O-galactoside 21.72 28,831.11 7436.94 9880.90 14 [2,3,5,20,22,73,75,79,81,85]
60 Quercetin-3-O-glucoside 27.65 22,610.13 7256.42 7628.71 24 [1,2,3,5,19,20,22,59,60,66,73,75,79,80,81,82,84,85,86]
24 Caftaric acid 12.46 14,052.62 4151.97 3984.79 18 [3,4,5,19,20,22,59,60,66,73,75,79,81,82,84,85,86]
69 Quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside 1210.53 4206.67 2708.60 1498.07 2 [1,2]
79 Kaempferol-3-O-glucoside 2.56 6203.85 1730.09 1812.15 20 [2,3,19,20,22,59,60,66,73,75,79,80,81,84,85,86]
73 Kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide 47.92 1698.41 662.34 736.83 3 [2,19,66,79,81,82,85,86]
27 Coutaric acid 4.54 1491.02 635.81 432.70 10 [3,19,20,22,73,75,79,81,82,85]
53 Myricetin-3-O-glucoside ND 850.12 291.23 254.65 8 [2,3,20,22,73,85]
54 Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside 1.30 1650.01 257.51 473.26 12 [2,4,5,32,73,75,79,81,82,85,87]
71 Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside 0.12 730.01 200.34 307.13 4 [2,19,75,79,81,85,86]
32 Fertaric acid 85.48 85.48 85.48 0.00 1 [81,82]
7 p-Hydroxybenzoic acid 15.80 151.00 83.40 67.60 2 [19,32]
42 Gallocatechin gallate 20.10 78.70 49.40 29.30 2 [32]
68 Myricetin 1.00 193.28 44.75 74.37 5 [1,3,22,81,88]
3 Gallocatechin 4.84 102.00 40.20 43.85 3 [32,81,82]
5 Aesculin 1.60 50.70 25.63 20.06 3 [32,81]
15 Epigallocatechin 1.67 66.30 23.77 30.08 3 [32,81,82]
37 Epigallocatechin gallate 0.04 43.81 10.69 16.71 6 [32,73,81,82]
23 Catechin 0.02 76.58 10.62 21.44 18 [19,32,59,60,73,75,79,81,82,84,87,88]
46 Ferulic acid 0.008 89.80 9.07 25.61 11 [32,59,60,73,79,81,84]
82 Quercetin 0.13 52.17 8.84 16.55 16 [1,4,19,32,59,60,73,84,87,88]
6 Procyanidin B1 0.39 25.56 6.80 10.83 4 [73,75,79,81,82]
4 Protocatechuic acid 1.25 10.50 5.88 4.63 2 [32]
8 Gentisic acid 0.59 8.85 4.72 4.13 2 [32]
11 Phlorizin 2.95 2.95 2.95 0.00 1 [81,82]
2 Gallic acid 0.01 7.80 2.77 2.95 9 [32,79,81,82,87,88]
78 Quercetin-3-(3-O-rhamnosyl)glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside 1.32 4.21 2.77 1.44 2 [1]
40 Epicatechin 0.01 15.02 2.46 4.69 18 [32,59,60,73,75,79,81,82,84,87,88]
94 Quercetin-3-(6-O-rhamnosyl)galactoside 0.02 4.02 2.02 2.00 2 [1]
29 Procyanidin B2 0.35 5.69 1.91 2.21 4 [75,79,81,82]
47 Epicatechin gallate 0.01 8.45 1.74 2.57 9 [59,60,81,82,84,88]
28 Chlorogenic acid 0.01 11.50 1.74 3.70 8 [32,73,79,88]
35 Caffeic acid 0.003 19.60 1.68 4.84 15 [1,32,59,73,79,81,82,84,87,88]
25 Procyanidin B3 0.74 2.41 1.57 0.84 2 [75,81,82]
26 Procyanidin B4 0.61 2.38 1.49 0.89 2 [75,81,86]
93 Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside 1.48 1.48 1.48 0.00 1 [2,80,81,85]
84 Kaempferol 0.01 6.77 1.28 2.19 8 [1,32,59,60,84,86,88]
34 Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside 0.01 6.40 1.17 2.04 8 [4,5,59,60,77,78,79,84,88]
98 Isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside 1.12 1.12 1.12 0.00 1 [2,81]
43 p-Coumaric acid 0.01 8.17 0.92 2.42 10 [32,59,60,79,84,88]
64 Apigenin-7-O-glucoside 0.09 1.60 0.85 0.75 2 [1]
10 Procyanidin A1 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.00 1 [75]
66 Luteolin-7-O-glucoside 0.02 1.91 0.60 0.69 5 [1,4,73,81,82]
48 Sinapic acid 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.00 1 [81]
50 Ellagic acid 0.06 0.77 0.41 0.36 2 [32]
41 Taxifolin 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.00 1 [81]
83 Cinnamic acid 0.17 0.51 0.34 0.17 2 [79]
75 Quercetin-3-(3-O-arabinosyl)glucoside 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.00 1 [2,81]
89 Kaempferol-3-O-xyloside 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.00 1 [2,75]
45 Peonidin-3-O-glucoside 0.01 0.60 0.20 0.24 4 [5,77,78,79,88]
30 Vanillic acid 0.01 0.54 0.19 0.19 5 [77,78,79,81,88]
14 1-O-Sinapoyl-β-D-glucose 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.00 1 [75]
70 Kaempferol-3-O-galactoside 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.00 1 [2,75,85,86]
36 Syringic acid 0.01 0.07 0.04 0.03 2 [88]
52 Malvidin-3-O-glucoside 0.01 0.06 0.04 0.03 2 [1,2,3,4,5,19,32,59,66,75,77,78,79,80,81,82,84,85,86,88]
16 1-O-(4-Coumaroyl)-glucose 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.00 1 [75]
1 Quinic acid NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [4,19]
9 γ-Resorcylic acid NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [82]
12 Fraxin NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [82]
13 Aesculetin NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [19]
17 Umbelliferone NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [19]
20 1-Caffeoyl-β-D-glucose NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [81]
21 Ferulic acid pentose NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [19]
22 Caftaric acid isomer NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [85]
33 Delphinidin-3-O-glucoside NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [77,78,79]
44 Petunidin-3-O-glucoside NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [77,78,79]
49 Myricetin-3-O-galactoside NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [2,79,85]
51 Myricetin-3-O-glucuronide NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [2,79]
59 Petunidin-3-(6-O-acetyl)glucoside NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [77]
61 Catechin gallate NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [86]
62 Peonidin-3-(6-O-acetyl)glucoside NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [79]
65 Myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [2]
67 Malvidin-3-(6-O-acetyl)glucoside NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [77,79]
72 Cyanidin-3-(6-O-coumaroyl)glucoside NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [77]
74 Quercetin-3-(6-O-acetyl)glucoside NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [19]
76 Quercetin-3-(7-O-glucosyl)glucuronide NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [80]
80 Petunidin-3-(6-O-coumaroyl)glucoside NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [77]
81 Peonidin-3-(6-O-coumaroyl)glucoside NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [2,77,79]
85 Malvidin-3-(6-O-coumaroyl)glucoside NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [77,79]
88 Hesperetin NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [4]
90 Kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [2]
92 Isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [2,85]
95 Eriodictyol-7-O-glucoside NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [19]
96 Isorhamnetin-3-O-arabinose NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [2]
97 Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucuronide NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [2]
100 Isorhamnetin-3(4-O-rhamnosyl)rutinoside NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [2,80,85]
101 Kaempferol-3-(6-O-coumaroyl)glucoside NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [4]
102 Kaempferol-3 (7-O-glucosyl)galactoside NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [80]
103 Naringenin NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [82]
104 Naringenin-7-O-glucoside NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [82]
105 Diquercetin-3-(3-O-glucosyl)glucuronide NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [66]

1 Compounds 33, 43, 52, 59, 62, 67, 72, 76, 80, 83, 85, and 102 are detected using only UV. 2 ND = not detected. 3 NQ = not quantified by the authors. 4 Fresh and dry weight data were combined for the calculations, without any conversion. 5 N = number of data points used in the calculation of the mean value, and made of minimum, maximum, and average values extracted from each reference.