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. 2020 May 8;9(5):398. doi: 10.3390/antiox9050398

Table 5.

Levels (mg/kg) of 41 polyphenols (excluding stilbenes) identified in grapevine stems.

Id Compound Name 1 Minimum Value 2 Maximum Value Mean Value 3 Standard Deviation N 4 References
58 Quercetin-3-O-galactoside 1920.34 41,831.70 17,403.61 15,457.56 4 [21,50]
23 Catechin 283.72 98,290.95 14,900.45 27,191.10 12 [9,21,37,50,53,55,69,74,90]
2 Gallic acid 386.54 32,960.41 10,307.36 13,374.20 4 [9,21,34,37,55]
40 Epicatechin 193.61 33,154.03 9251.64 12,435.12 14 [9,21,33,50,53,54,55,69,90]
6 Procyanidin B1 215.36 50,709.00 9216.18 14,385.61 10 [9,33,37,50,53,54,55,69]
19 Procyanidin T2 1388.90 35,015.04 9100.99 8406.54 2 [9,34,50,55,69]
25 Procyanidin B3 186.04 23,108.65 8724.23 5791.29 4 [9,21,55,69]
47 Epicatechin gallate 2371.55 9862.08 6362.96 2950.30 6 [9,21,33,54,55]
18 Procyanidin C1 305.51 9710.00 5007.76 4702.25 2 [9,50,55,69]
82 Quercetin 321.88 8210.20 4266.04 3944.16 2 [21]
24 Caftaric acid 110.35 16,110.62 3373.18 5723.49 6 [33,54,74,87]
26 Procyanidin B4 131.00 4355.20 2243.10 2112.10 2 [69]
39 Procyanidin dimer gallate 110.04 4358.12 2234.08 2124.04 2 [9,33,34,50,54,69]
29 Procyanidin B2 10.49 6670.76 2056.93 2735.52 4 [9,21,50,53,55,69,74]
60 Quercetin-3-O-glucoside 29.88 7270.12 1785.38 2544.06 6 [9,21,37,53,55,90]
69 Quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside 320.20 2820.00 1570.10 1249.90 2 [21]
10 Procyanidin A1 674.91 1833.85 1254.38 579.47 4 [33,50,54]
84 Kaempferol 70.12 1830.57 950.35 880.23 2 [21]
63 Quercetin-3-O-glucuronide 391.52 1424.35 908.82 469.54 6 [33,34,37,54,74]
87 Malvidin-3-O-rutinoside 451.00 628.77 539.89 88.88 4 [33,54]
52 Malvidin-3-O-glucoside 224.88 801.37 513.13 288.25 4 [33,54]
43 p-Coumaric acid 12.00 934.08 473.04 461.04 2 [9,21,55]
35 Caffeic acid 10.18 647.32 328.75 318.57 2 [9,21,55]
38 Prodelphinidin A-type 27.46 292.88 160.17 132.71 2 [33,50,54]
99 Isorhamnetin-3-(6-O-feruloyl)glucoside 81.10 115.07 98.09 16.99 4 [33,54]
86 Malvidin-3-(6-O-caffeoyl)glucoside 47.33 119.20 83.27 35.94 4 [33,54]
71 Kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside 21.99 127.39 74.69 52.70 4 [33,54]
54 Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside 10.55 126.73 65.84 46.33 6 [21,33,34,54,74,90]
79 Kaempferol-3-O-glucoside 20.14 79.08 49.61 29.47 4 [33,54]
36 Syringic acid 6.48 32.23 19.36 12.88 2 [21]
46 Ferulic acid 8.01 25.55 16.78 8.77 2 [9,21,55]
16 1-O-(4-Coumaroyl)-glucose NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [53]
20 1-Caffeoyl-β-D-glucose NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [53]
21 Ferulic acid pentose NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [9,55]
31 Chicoric acid NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [9,55]
55 Taxifolin-O-pentoside NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [9,55]
56 Taxifolin-3-O-glucoside NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [53]
57 Taxifolin-3-O-rhamnoside NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [9,34,55,74]
61 Catechin gallate NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [53]
77 Quercetin-3-O-arabinose NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [50]
91 Dihydrokaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside NQ NQ NQ NQ 0 [9,55]

1 Compound 52 is detected using only UV. 2 NQ = not quantified by the authors. 3 Fresh and dry weight data were combined for the calculations, without any conversion. 4 N = number of data point used in the calculation of the mean value, and made of minimum, maximum, and average values extracted from each reference.