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. 2020 May 14;9(5):425. doi: 10.3390/antiox9050425

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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NAD+ regulates Drp1 associated in mitochondrial homeostasis. CLOCK/BMAL1 modulated mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy via NAD-dependent SIRT1. Deacetylation of the transcription factor PGC1A by SIRT1 regulates mitochondrial biogenesis. Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission precedes mitophagy leading to formation of fragmented mitochondria that are taken up by autophagosomes. Abbreviations: NAD+, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NAMPT, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase; SIRT1, sirtuin-1; OPA1, mitochondrial dynamin like GTPase; MFN1/2, mitofusin-1/2; FIS1, mitochondrial fission 1 protein; DRP1, dynamin-related protein-1; PINK1, PTEN-induced kinase 1; BNIP1, BCL-2 interacting protein 1; PARKIN, E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase parkin.