Table 4.
Antioxidant activities and enzyme inhibitory activities of individual citrus flavonoids.
| Antioxidant Activity | Enzyme Inhibition Activity (IC50) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity (mg AAE/g) | FRAP (mmol FSE 100/g) | ORAC (mg TE/100 mg) | Xanthine Oxidase (mg/L) |
ACE (mg/L) | α-Glucosidase (mg/L) | Pancreatic Lipase (mg/L) | |
| Hesperidin | 45.3 ± 0.9 c | 399.7 ± 21.1 c | 247.3 ± 13.2 f | >2000 | 1375.8 ± 62.1 b | >2000 | 418.4 ± 21.7 a |
| Hesperetin-7-O-glucoside | 51.6 ± 1.4 b | 439.8 ± 18.4 b | 323.9 ± 13.7 d | >2000 | 106.5 ± 3.8 f | 1395.5 ± 69.9 b | 84.4 ± 4.2 d |
| Hesperetin | 115.8 ± 3.9 a | 549.1 ± 21.1 a | 710.9 ± 12.0 a | 275.4 ± 17.7 c | 358.2 ± 7.8 d | 131.8 ± 7.3 e | 104.6 ± 5.2 d |
| Narirutin | 17.6 ± 1.2 e | 102.6 ± 4.1 e | 283.4 ± 15.7 e | 1104.7 ± 40.7 a | 1,937.1 ± 42.5 a | 1004.0 ± 42.6 c | >2000 |
| Prunin | 26.5 ± 0.2 d | 99.5 ± 3.6 e | 363.9 ± 18.1 c | 862.5 ± 36.6 b | 221.2 ± 6.2 e | 622.7 ± 28.0 d | >2000 |
| Naringenin | 52.6 ± 3.3 b | 150.3 ± 3.7 d | 475.1 ± 13.3 b | 129.3 ± 6.4 d | 459.7 ± 15.0 c | 72.2 ± 3.8 e | >2000 |
| Sinensetin | N.D. | N.D. | 7.6 ± 0.4 g | >2000 | 364.0 ± 13.4 d | >2000 | 301.4 ± 22.2 b |
| Nobiletin | N.D. | N.D. | 6.0 ± 0.4 g | >2000 | 322.5 ± 4.7 d | >2000 | 426.4 ± 27.6 a |
| Tangeretin | N.D. | N.D. | 5.8 ± 0.4 g | >2000 | 352.0 ± 8.9 d | 1763.1 ± 66.6 a | 148.7 ± 6.5 c |
| Positive control | 116.7 ± 3.7 d (Allopurinol) |
6.9 ± 0.2 g (Captopril) |
1366.9 ± 73.2 b (Acarbose) |
54.4 ± 3.6 e (Orlistat) |
|||
DPPH: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, FRAP: ferric-reducing antioxidant power, ORAC: oxygen radical absorbance capacity, ACE: angiotensin-I converting enzyme. The same superscript letters in each column (a–g) indicate no significant differences (p < 0.05). Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation of triplicate experiments.