Table 2.
Effect of tannin extract (TE) inclusion and days at display on color parameters of beef patties (avg = average of TE level or day of retail display).
| Days at Display-β | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TE-α | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | avg | |
| L* | 0% | 51.07 | 47.70 | 49.17 | 48.25 | 48.12 | 50.38 | 45.90 | 48.65 |
| 0.5% | 48.24 | 46.04 | 47.86 | 48.51 | 47.37 | 48.29 | 45.45 | 47.39 | |
| 1% | 48.85 | 47.38 | 48.52 | 46.99 | 48.11 | 47.41 | 46.29 | 47.65 | |
| 1.5% | 50.33 | 49.28 | 49.24 | 48.23 | 48.88 | 48.82 | 47.78 | 48.94 | |
| avg | 49.62 a | 47.60 cd | 48.70 b | 47.99 bc | 48.12 bc | 48.72 b | 46.36 d | ||
| a* | 0% | 20.56 Aa | 18.60 Ab | 17.24 Ac | 16.92 Ac | 14.34 Ad | 12.21 e | 12.37 e | 16.03 |
| 0.5% | 19.83 ABa | 16.79 Bb | 15.57 Bc | 14.35 Bd | 12.96 Be | 12.06 e | 12.59 e | 14.86 | |
| 1% | 19.72 ABa | 15.51 Cb | 15.40 Bb | 14.38 Bc | 13.28 ABc | 12.16 d | 13.02 cd | 14.78 | |
| 1.5% | 19.40 Ba | 15.91 BCb | 15.42 Bb | 14.10 Bc | 13.20 Bcd | 12.38 d | 12.71 d | 14.73 | |
| avg | 19.89 | 16.70 | 15.91 | 14.94 | 13.45 | 12.20 | 12.65 | ||
| b* | 0% | 12.88 BCa | 11.61 Bb | 11.85 Bb | 11.83 Bb | 10.67 Cc | 10.53 Bc | 9.80 Cc | 11.31 |
| 0.5% | 12.22 Ca | 10.47 Cbc | 11.39 Bab | 11.33 Bab | 10.75 Cbc | 10.67 Bbc | 10.18 BCc | 11.00 | |
| 1% | 13.34 ABa | 10.95 BCd | 12.23 Bb | 11.15 Bcd | 12.02 Bbc | 11.37 Bbcd | 11.25 Bbcd | 11.76 | |
| 1.5% | 14.08 Aa | 12.83 Ab | 13.82 Aab | 12.97 Ab | 13.73 Aab | 13.19 Aab | 13.16 Aab | 13.40 | |
| avg | 13.13 | 11.46 | 12.32 | 11.81 | 11.79 | 11.44 | 11.10 | ||
| Chroma | 0% | 24.27 a | 21.93 Ab | 20.92 Abc | 20.65 Ac | 17.90 ABd | 16.14 Be | 15.80 Ce | 19.66 |
| 0.5% | 23.31 a | 19.78 BCb | 19.29 Bbc | 18.29 Bc | 16.86 Bd | 16.11 Bd | 16.18 BCd | 18.54 | |
| 1% | 23.82 a | 19.00 Cbc | 19.67 ABb | 18.20 Bcd | 17.93 ABcd | 16.66 Be | 17.21 ABde | 18.93 | |
| 1.5% | 23.00 a | 20.44 Bb | 20.72 Ab | 19.16 Bc | 19.05 Ac | 18.10 Ac | 18.31 Ac | 19.97 | |
| avg | 23.85 | 20.29 | 20.15 | 19.07 | 17.94 | 16.75 | 16.88 | ||
| Hue | 0% | 32.08 | 31.97 | 34.45 | 34.95 | 36.72 | 40.87 | 38.41 | 35.64 D |
| 0.5% | 31.62 | 31.94 | 36.17 | 38.31 | 39.81 | 41.54 | 39.35 | 36.96 C | |
| 1% | 33.99 | 35.17 | 38.47 | 37.7 | 42.13 | 43.03 | 40.81 | 38.76 B | |
| 1.5% | 35.92 | 38.87 | 41.81 | 42.57 | 46.12 | 46.83 | 46.01 | 42.59 A | |
| avg | 33.40 e | 34.49 d | 37.73 c | 38.38 c | 41.19 b | 43.07 a | 41.14 b | ||
ABC Means with different superscripts are significantly different within TE levels (α). abcde Means with different superscripts are significantly different within days of retail display (β). For L*: Standard error of the mean (STE) = 0.113, p values α = 0.169, β < 0.0001, and αβ = 0.075. For a*: STE = 0.061, p values α < 0.0001, β < 0.0001, and αβ = 0.004. For b*: STE = 0.055, p values α < 0.0001, β < 0.0001, and αβ = 0.047. For chroma: STE = 0.067, p values α < 0.0001, β < 0.0001, and αβ = 0.001. For Hue: STE = 0.152, p values α < 0.0001, β <0.0001, and αβ = 0.288. For hue angle, no interaction was detected, and means identification was performed for avg of single effects (p < 0.0001).