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. 2020 May 14;21(10):3478. doi: 10.3390/ijms21103478

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Percentages of viable spermatozoa bound to PMN via sperm head in the three treatments (PMN + SP, PMN + SP + FMLP and PMN + SP + DMSO) throughout the incubation time (4 h; Experiment 2). Different superscripts (a, b) mean significant (p < 0.05) differences between treatments within a given time point, and different numbers (1, 2) mean significant (p < 0.05) differences between incubation times within a given treatment. Data are shown as mean ± SEM for seven experiments. Sperm concentration: 500 × 10⁶ sperm/mL. PMN concentration: 100 × 10⁶ PMN/mL. PMN: polymorphonuclear neutrophils; SP: seminal plasma; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; FMLP: formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine.