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Inhibition assay. (a) The application of TGF-β1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibited the expression of VEGF-A and VEGF-C, which was induced by 4HR application. (b) ALK5 inhibitor, A83-01, also showed a similar effect to that of TGF-β1 siRNA on the VEGFs expression by 4HR in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Full-length gels and blots are included in Figures S3 and S4.
