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Cilastatin treatment upregulated HIF-1α expression and its upstream and downstream signaling pathways in mouse kidney. (A) Cilastatin treatment enhanced HIF-1α and VEGF expression in a time-dependent manner in mouse kidney, but it did not affect VHL and PHD expression. (B) Cilastatin treatment enhanced Akt and mTOR phosphorylation in a time-dependent manner in mouse kidney. The data are presented as means ± SEM. * p < 0.05.
