Table 4.
Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 Patients With Controlsa
| Feature | Cases (n = 15)b | Melanoma controls (n = 215)b | All historical controls (n = 17,479)b | Odds Ratio vs Melanoma | Odds Ratio vs All Historical | P Value vs Melanoma | P Value vs All Historical |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preterm delivery | 1 (7) | 9 (4) | 4,143 (24) | 1.6 | 0.2 | .498 | .212 |
| SGA | 5 (36) | 63 (25) | 7,672 (40) | 1.7 | 0.8 | .354 | .984 |
| LGA | 1 (7) | 22 (9) | 1,460 (8) | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.000 | .956 |
| Maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM) | |||||||
| MVM–formal diagnosis | 2 (13) | 1 (0) | 1,192 (7) | 32.9 | 2.1 | .012 | .626 |
| Central villous infarction | 1 (7) | 1 (0) | 239 (1) | 15.3 | 5.2 | .126 | .514 |
| Peripheral villous infarction | 3 (20) | 5 (2) | 3,072 (18) | 10.5 | 1.2 | .010 | .805 |
| Villous agglutination | 3 (20) | 12 (6) | 1,483 (8) | 4.2 | 2.7 | .064 | .256 |
| Accelerated villous maturation | 2 (13) | 38 (18) | 5,346 (31) | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.000 | .242 |
| Decidual arteriopathy | 7 (47) | 17 (8) | 2,816 (16) | 5.4 | 2.4 | <.001 | .004 |
| Atherosis and fibrinoid necrosis | 3 (20) | 0 (0) | 264 (2) | Infinity | 16.3 | <.001 | <.001 |
| Mural hypertrophy of membrane arterioles | 5 (33) | 9 (4) | 1,365 (8) | 11.4 | 5.9 | .001 | .001 |
| Absence of spiral artery remodeling | 2 (13) | 6 (3) | 1,626 (9) | 5.4 | 1.5 | .089 | .926 |
| Retroplacental hematoma | 1 (7) | 2 (1) | 700 (4) | 7.6 | 1.7 | .184 | .599 |
| MVM–any individual features | 11 (73) | 59 (27) | 7,754 (44) | 7.3 | 3.4 | .001 | .046 |
| Fetal vascular malperfusion (FVM) | |||||||
| FVM--formal diagnosis | 1 (7) | 16 (7) | 1,674 (10) | 0.9 | 0.7 | 1.000 | .702 |
| FVM--high grade | 1 (7) | 4 (2) | 543 (3) | 3.8 | 2.2 | .288 | .960 |
| Clustered avascular villi | 4 (27) | 62 (29) | 5,164 (30) | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.000 | .807 |
| Fetal vessel--mural fibrin | 1 (7) | 22 (10) | 1,123 (6) | 0.6 | 1.0 | 1.000 | .970 |
| Delayed villous maturation | 4 (27) | 9 (4) | 617 (4) | 8.3 | 9.9 | .006 | <.001 |
| Hypercoiled umbilical cord | 3 (20) | 47 (22) | 4,392 (25) | 0.9 | 0.7 | 1.000 | .873 |
| Chorangiosis | 4 (27) | 11 (5) | 889 (5) | 6.7 | 6.8 | .011 | .001 |
| FVM--any individual feature | 12 (80) | 121 (56) | 9,596 (55) | 3.1 | 3.3 | .104 | .090 |
| Acute inflammatory pathology | |||||||
| Maternal inflammatory response stage 2 | 1 (7) | 32 (15) | 5,465 (31) | 0.4 | 0.2 | .702 | .076 |
| Fetal inflammatory response stage 2 | 1 (7) | 9 (4) | 2,215 (13) | 1.6 | 0.5 | .498 | .756 |
| Any acute inflammatory pathology | 1 (7) | 114 (53) | 9,879 (57) | 0.1 | 0.1 | .001 | <.001 |
| Chronic inflammatory pathology | |||||||
| Chronic villitis--low grade | 2 (13) | 20 (9) | 1,499 (9) | 1.5 | 1.6 | .642 | .844 |
| Chronic deciduitis with plasma cells | 2 (13) | 24 (11) | 4,128 (24) | 1.2 | 0.5 | .681 | .527 |
| Any chronic inflammatory pathology | 2 (13) | 62 (29) | 6,739 (39) | 0.4 | 0.2 | .246 | .082 |
| Other placental findings | |||||||
| Basal plate with attached myometrial fibers | 3 (20) | 53 (25) | 3,921 (22) | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.000 | .821 |
| Microscopic accreta | 2 (13) | 18 (8) | 1,558 (9) | 1.7 | 1.6 | .626 | .883 |
| Villous edema | 4 (27) | 19 (9) | 1,532 (9) | 3.8 | 3.8 | .049 | .046 |
| Increased perivillous fibrin | 3 (20) | 27 (13) | 2,632 (15) | 1.7 | 1.4 | .423 | .862 |
| Intervillous thrombus | 6 (40) | 18 (8) | 1,601 (9) | 7.3 | 6.6 | .002 | <.001 |
| Increased circulating nucleated RBCs | 1 (7) | 2 (1) | 553 (3) | 7.6 | 2.2 | .184 | .971 |
| Membranes with hemorrhage | 2 (13) | 32 (15) | 2,248 (13) | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.000 | .957 |
aBold P values indicate significant results.
bData are given as No. (%).