Table 1.

General characteristics of patients with refractory H. pylori infections

Characteristics		n (%)
Total number		50
Sex	Male	17 (34.0)
	Female	33 (66.0)
Endoscopy results	Atrophic gastritis*	5 (10.0)
	Non-atrophic gastritis	37 (74.0)
	Peptic ulcer†	8 (16.0)
No. of treatment failures	2	28 (56.0)
	3	12 (24.0)
	4 or more	10 (20.0)

*Atrophic gastritis: moderate-severe atrophy and (or) intestinal metaplasia. ^†Peptic ulcer: gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, and (or) compound ulcer