Table 1.
Apolipoproteins used in nanoparticles and their potential applications.
| Apolipoprotein | Lipoprotein Association in Plasma or 1CNS | Physiological Function | Potential Applications |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2ApoAI | 3HDL, chylomicrons, 3VLDL | Structural protein in HDL; 4LCAT activator; promotes cholesterol efflux; binds 4SR-B1 | Anti-atherogenic and drug delivery [39,40,41,42,43,44,45], siRNA delivery [46], imaging agent delivery [47,48] |
| ApoAII | HDL, chylomicrons, VLDL | Structural protein in HDL; activates hepatic lipase | Drug delivery [49] |
| ApoB-100 | VLDL, 3IDL, 3LDL | Structural protein in VLDL, IDL, LDL; ligand for LDL receptor | Drug and imaging agent delivery [50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62] |
| ApoCII | Chylomicrons, VLDL, HDL | 4Lipoprotein lipase activator | Drug delivery [49] |
| ApoE3 | Chylomicron remnants, VLDL, IDL, HDL | Ligand for 4LDLr family of proteins; LCAT activator; antioxidant; promotes cholesterol efflux; binds SR-B1 | Anti-atherogenic, drug, flavonoid and imaging agent delivery [18,39,63,64] |
| ApoJ (clusterin) | HDL | Anti-amyloidogenic; chaperone; antioxidant | Reduce aggregation of Aβ [65,66] |
1 Central nervous system (CNS); 2 Apolipoprotein (apo); 3 High-density lipoproteins (HDL), intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL); 4 Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT); lipoprotein lipase (LPL); LDL receptor (LDLr); scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1).