Table 4.
Risk factors and their effect on curve progression by univariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses
| Characteristics | Patients (n) | HR (95% CI) | P value |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 24 | 1 | |
| Female | 199 | 1.197 (0.593 to 2.415) | 6.16E-01 |
| Age of curve onset (years) | |||
| ≤12 | 127 | 1 | |
| >12 | 96 | 0.661 (0.406 to 1.077) | 9.70E-02 |
| Curve magnitude at first presentation (°) | |||
| ≤23 | 130 | 1 | |
| >23 | 93 | 2.137 (1.324 to 3.448) | 2.00E-03 |
| Risser sign | |||
| ≤2 | 123 | 1 | |
| >2 | 100 | 0.871 (0.545 to 1.393) | 5.65E-01 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | |||
| ≤21.96 | 86 | 1 | |
| >21.96 | 137 | 0.680 (0.426 to 1.084) | 1.05E-01 |
| Lenke classification | |||
| 1 | 23 | 1 | |
| 2 | 110 | 1.290 (0.503 to 3.308) | 5.96E-01 |
| 3 | 28 | 1.274 (0.403 to 4.025) | 6.80E-01 |
| 4 | 27 | 2.562 (0.906 to 7.244) | 7.60E-02 |
| 5 | 29 | 1.889 (0.640 to 5.572) | 2.49E-01 |
| 6 | 6 | 1.992 (0.384 to 10.372) | 4.12E-01 |
| Number of rare damaging variants | |||
| ≤1 | 186 | 1 | |
| >1 | 37 | 5.098 (3.121 to 8.328) | 7.69E-11 |